An Anti-Islanding Protection Method Based on Voltage-Synchronous Impedance Angle Measurements

Abstract

Grid-tied distributed generators (DGs) need to be equipped with anti-islanding protection to avoid the impact of unplanned islanding, which would affect system stability, auto-reclosing, and personal safety. Among the active anti-islanding protections, impedance measurements based on signal injection have the advantages of a low non-detection zone (NDZ) and are less prone to maloperation during grid disturbances; however, there are problems with signal interference in multi-DG systems. Hence, the impedance angle measurement method with signals injected synchronously is proposed. In this method, each DG injects phase-coherent signals to detect islanding using zero-cross points of the voltage (ZCPV) to avoid the protection failures caused by signal interference. An islanding identification criterion based on the measured impedance angle is proposed by analyzing the impedance characteristics of grid connection and islanding, which avoids the influence of variation of the DG operation state on islanding detection. Finally, we present a signal injection strategy and performance analysis in combination with an existing DG control platform, avoiding additional hardware investment. RTDS-based simulation verification shows that the proposed method can 100% avoid DG maloperation due to voltage and frequency disturbances during grid-connected operation and exit operation within 2 s when islanding occurs.

Voltage Frequency Differential Protection Algorithm

“…It involves the feedback technique or other mechanism to find islanding through parameter change [15]. The main active methods are based on grid impedance variation methods, active and reactive power injection methods, active frequency drift, Sandia frequency shift, Sandia voltage shift, slip-mode frequency shift [16], and detection methods based on impedance angle measurements [17].…”