“An antibiotic turned contraceptive”: The tale of ampicillin‐cloxacillin

Abstract

Antibiotic misuse is a major public health threat globally, requiring active efforts toward halting its progression. The African sub‐region is worst hit by communicable diseases, and also possesses weak health systems to effectively combat the menace of antimicrobial resistance. Meanwhile, antibiotics are among the most regularly misused medicines in Nigeria, particularly for inappropriate indication and duration. This is seen in its use as a contraceptive by young women in the country. This paper evaluates the reliance and use of an antibiotic for contraception, a practice that has continuously being a large source of antibiotic misuse in Nigeria. Its causes and effects are also evaluated in this commentary. To effectively combat the increasing antimicrobial misuse, correct use of antibiotics for their appropriate indications is highly essential. Adequate knowledge of contraception should be ensured among young women in developing countries, particularly in Nigeria.

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“… 34 A previous study in Nigeria reported poor knowledge of appropriate OTC selection and OTC-related side effects among some drug vendors. 35 High prevalence of OTC medicines misuse was also observed in previous studies in Nigeria, 36 , 37 suggesting more attention on provision of OTC medicines advice and counselling by pharmacy personnel. Meanwhile, drug information is a recognized service in community and hospital pharmacies.…”

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“…Furthermore, they also cause some side effects, such as allergic reactions and disruption of the gut microbiome. [ 142 ] Thus, it is critical to develop new antimicrobial methods with high safety, less allergic reactions, precise targeting, and low risk of bacterial resistance.…”

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“…Antibiotics are sold over the counter, in public buses and open markets resulting in antibiotic abuse and misuse leading to resistance. In Nigeria, ampicillin and cloxacillin (ampiclox) is been abused by young girls as contraceptives after sex [36]. Antibiotics are also abused by both men and women, usually ampiclox 500mg start, is taken after unprotected sex in Nigeria for prevention of infection.…”