An APETALA1-like gene of soybean regulates flowering time and specifies floral organs

Chi, Yingjun; Huang, Fang; Liu, Haicui; Yang, Shouping; Yu, Deyue

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2011.08.007

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The absence of the farnesylation motif ''CFAA'' is common to many AP1 homologues in several species, such as VvAP1 (Vitis vinifera), MdAP1 (Malus 9 domestica), GmAP1 (Glycine max), PEAM4 (Pisum sativum), and NtMADS11 (Nicotiana tobacum). These observations support the hypothesis that this kind of modification is not an essential factor in the function of AP1 (Berbel et al 2001;Chi et al 2011;Jang et al 2002).…”

Section: Sequence and Phylogenetic Analyses Of Atap1 And Ptrap1supporting

confidence: 88%

“…For example in Glycine max, the AP1 homologue, GmAP1, is specifically expressed in the flower, especially in sepals and petals, but not in other organs. RNA in situ hybridization analysis revealed that GmAP1 transcript can be detected in both the outer cell layers of both apical inflorescence meristems and lateral floral meristems of soybean (Chi et al 2011). In contrast, we observed low levels of AP1 expressions in vegetative tissues or organs of P. tomentosa during the vegetative phase of growth (Fig.…”

Section: Sequence and Phylogenetic Analyses Of Atap1 And Ptrap1mentioning

confidence: 69%

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Identification and expression analysis of APETALA1 homologues in poplar

Chen

Yang

et al. 2015

Acta Physiol Plant

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APETALA1 plays a crucial role in floral transition from vegetative to reproductive phase and in flower development. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of AP1 homologues in poplar was performed by describing the gene structure and chromosomal location. The phylogenetic relationship of the deduced amino acid sequences of Arabidopsis AP1 and AP1 homologues from Populus, to other AP1-like proteins was analyzed. The expression of PtAP1-1 and PtAP1-2 in Populus tomentosa was examined by RT-qPCR. Expression profiles were similar and both genes exhibited a high expression level in the reproductive phase. Seasonal expression profiles in floral buds indicated that the pattern of PtAP1-1 and PtAP1-2 expression in male and female floral buds was different. The trends of the PtAP1-1 and PtAP1-2 transcript levels in both sex floral buds were similar, but the peak of expression of the two genes in male buds was earlier than in female buds. This work would be of value to future functional analysis of AP1 homologues in poplar.

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Section: Sequence and Phylogenetic Analyses Of Atap1 And Ptrap1supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Sequence and Phylogenetic Analyses Of Atap1 And Ptrap1mentioning

confidence: 69%

Identification and expression analysis of APETALA1 homologues in poplar

Chen

Yang

et al. 2015

Acta Physiol Plant

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“…This speculation appears to be echoed by the observation that the proteins encoded by these four AP1-homologous genes of soybean all contain the conserved eudicot AP1-like (euAP1) motif present in the Arabidopsis AP1 (Rijpkema et al, 2007;Shan et al, 2007) at their C termini, whereas Dt2 contains the conserved paleoAP1 motif at its C terminus. Indeed, a previous study demonstrated that Gm-AP1 (i.e., Glyma16g13070) was most likely to be the functional homolog of the Arabidopsis AP1 in soybean, which is involved in flower development (Chi et al, 2011), although it remains unclear whether additional soybean genes closely related to AP1, such as Glyma02g13420, Glyma01g08150, and Glyma08g36380, also function like AP1 in Arabidopsis.…”

Section: Discussion Evolutionary Relationship and Novelty Of The Dt2 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dt2Is a Gain-of-Function MADS-Domain Factor Gene That Specifies Semideterminacy in Soybean

et al. 2014

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Similar to Arabidopsis thaliana, the wild soybeans (Glycine soja) and many cultivars exhibit indeterminate stem growth specified by the shoot identity gene Dt1, the functional counterpart of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1). Mutations in TFL1 and Dt1 both result in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) switching from vegetative to reproductive state to initiate terminal flowering and thus produce determinate stems. A second soybean gene (Dt2) regulating stem growth was identified, which, in the presence of Dt1, produces semideterminate plants with terminal racemes similar to those observed in determinate plants. Here, we report positional cloning and characterization of Dt2, a dominant MADS domain factor gene classified into the APETALA1/SQUAMOSA (AP1/SQUA) subfamily that includes floral meristem (FM) identity genes AP1, FUL, and CAL in Arabidopsis. Unlike AP1, whose expression is limited to FMs in which the expression of TFL1 is repressed, Dt2 appears to repress the expression of Dt1 in the SAMs to promote early conversion of the SAMs into reproductive inflorescences. Given that Dt2 is not the gene most closely related to AP1 and that semideterminacy is rarely seen in wild soybeans, Dt2 appears to be a recent gain-of-function mutation, which has modified the genetic pathways determining the stem growth habit in soybean.

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“…The expressions of GmFT2a and GmFT5a are down-regulated through the E1, E2, E3 and E4 loci under long day (LD) conditions (Kong et al 2010;Thakare et al 2011;Watanabe et al 2011;Xia et al 2012a). In addition, two SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CON-STANS (SOC1) homologs, GmSOC1 and GmSOC1-like (Zhong et al 2012;Na et al 2013), and the APETALA1 (AP1) homolog, GmAP1 (Chi et al 2011), have been characterized in soybean, and these genes are significantly upregulated through GmFT2a and GmFT5a in a redundant and differential manner . Despite the economic importance of soybean, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering in this organism remains limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

et al. 2015

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Flowering time, maturity, and plant morphology have considerable effects on the adaptation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max). The identification of novel genes and an understanding of their molecular basis are critical to improve soybean productivity. In this study, we cloned a flowering time related APETALA2-like gene GmTOE4a and generated GmTOE4a-overexpressing lines in the cultivar Williams 82. The transgenic lines exhibited late flowering both under long day and short day conditions, and repressed the flowering-related genes, including GmFT2a, GmFT5a, GmAP1, and GmLFY, whereas the flowering repressors GmFT4 and miR156 were upregulated. Interestingly, GmTOE4a was also mediated by photoperiod via maturity genes E3 and E4, which encode photoreceptors in soybean. Further, miR172-mediated GmTOE4a, which regulates flowering in soybean, is different in Arabidopsis in that it is dependent on the CONSTANS-like gene GmCOL1a. In addition to its effect on flowering time, GmTOE4a regulated plant morphology, increased stem thickness, and reduced plant height, internode length and leaf size, which are important agronomic traits that enhance the capacity to resist lodging and increase soybean yield. This is useful information to understand the molecular mechanism of flowering time and plant morphology in soybean and will greatly influence soybean yield improvement.

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An APETALA1-like gene of soybean regulates flowering time and specifies floral organs

Cited by 67 publications

References 24 publications

Identification and expression analysis of APETALA1 homologues in poplar

Identification and expression analysis of APETALA1 homologues in poplar

Dt2Is a Gain-of-Function MADS-Domain Factor Gene That Specifies Semideterminacy in Soybean

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

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