An Application of Glass Transition Temperature to Explain Rice Kernel Fissure Occurrence During the Drying Process1*

Mechanical properties of sound and fissured rice kernels and their implications for rice breakage

“…It was reported that fissures might develop in rice kernels during or after the drying process if rice kernels underwent a rubbery to glassy transition without being tempered after drying (Cnossen, Siebenmorgen, Yang, & Bautista, 2000). It may be argued that the fissured kernels were those with inferior mechanical properties, especially those thinner kernels (i.e., kernels of smaller thickness).…”

Comparison of mathematical models to predict glass transition temperature of rice (cultivar IRGA 424) measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

“…Understanding the effect of MCGs, as well as temperature gradients, on rice fissure formation is important in controlling and optimizing drying and tempering conditions. This can be explained taking the glass transition temperature (Tg) of rice into account (Cnossen, Siebenmorgen, Yang, & Bautista, 2001; Cnossen, Siebenmorgen, & Yang, 2002; Cnossen, Jimenez, & Siebenmorgen, 2003; Cnossen, Siebenmorgen, Yang, & Bautista, 2001; Ghasem, Sadeghi & Miree, 1960; Iguaz, Rodriguez, & Virseda, 2006; Yang, Jia, Siebenmorgen, Howell, & Cnossen, 2002; Yang & Jia, 2003, 2004; Yang et al., 2005). Tg can be defined as the temperature at which an amorphous system changes from the glassy to the rubbery state and vice versa.…”

Effect of drying and tempering on rice fissuring analysed by integrating intra-kernel moisture distribution

“…Cnossen and Siebenmorgen (2000) developed a hypothesis incorporating the glass transition temperature concept to explain rice kernel fissuring during drying and tempering. It is considered that the state transition of starch occurred in the temperature range typically used in rice drying and tempering processes plays an important role in rice kernel fissuring (Perdon et al, 2000;Cnossen et al, 2001;Siebenmorgen et al, 2004). Therefore, understanding the effect of various drying and tempering treatments on moisture gradients and fissure occurrence in rice kernels is crucial to optimize drying conditions.…”