An Appraisal of Indian Profile Attractiveness using Digital Image Morphing

Perception of Facial Profile Esthetics by Iranian Dental Patients, Dentists, and Orthodontists

“…Overall, it could be concluded that both the ideal profile and the profile with a retrusive mandible are the most favorable facial profiles among the Iranian individuals. This is in contrast to the results of the studies by Soh et al [15,25,26] and Mantzikos [9] which found that straight facial profiles (normal and bimaxillary retrusion) are the most preferred profiles among a group of Chinese evaluators, and also in contrast to the results of the studies by Turkkahraman and Gökalp [31] and Thareja et al [21] which showed that the orthognathic profile is the most attractive facial profile among Turkish and Indian raters, respectively. As to the least attractive facial profiles for both genders, all the three groups gave the lowest score to the most concave facial profile (protrusive mandible/retrusive maxilla; M9 and F7).…”

“…In contrast to similar studies [10,15,21,25,26], in this study, we took a step forward and chose the ideal facial profile introduced by the abovementioned textbook [23] as the reference instead of a class I facial profile. In addition, we used digital color photographs.…”

“…Adult patients were included in the study instead of teenagers because of a recent increasing interest of adults in seeking orthodontic treatments and the fact that the final result of the teenagers' treatment is judged by their parents. It is worth mentioning that we manipulated both jaws simultaneously instead of manipulating one jaw since we face the simultaneous discrepancy of both jaws more commonly in the clinic; therefore, we gained two more combinations in comparison to similar studies [15,21] (protrusive mandible/ retrusive maxilla and protrusive maxilla/retrusive mandible). The facial profiles were produced without extreme sagittal changes to develop more realistic soft tissue profiles.…”

“…Several methods have been previously utilized to evaluate facial profile attractiveness including silhouettes [17], full-face and profile photographic transparencies [18], self-drawings of facial profiles [19], and patients' standardized facial photographs [20]. Recently, the proposed methods have changed to photograph modification using a computer software including warping the scanned images of treated patients [13], digital image morphing [21], etc. In this study, we utilized the Dolphin imaging software program (version 11.5, Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, CA, USA) similar to the method applied by Maple et al [22] and Soh et al [15]; however, they chose six White adults and two Chinese individuals with a class I facial profile, respectively, whereas we took our model photograph from the "Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity" textbook [23].…”

Multiracial Facial Golden Ratio and Evaluation of Facial Appearance

“…Ricketts used a golden divider to prove that the harmonious faces of beautiful women followed golden proportions [ 18 ]. Presently, several studies on facial aesthetics have been carried out where facial analyses are done using lateral cephalograms [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], photographs [ 15 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ] and by anthropometrical means with the employment of direct measurements [ 26 , 27 , 2 ] and three dimensional imaging [ 28 , 29 ], among others. More recent articles have also discussed angular and linear analyses of the soft-tissue profile [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] and lip morphology [ 35 ].…”