An appraisal of the ages of Phanerozoic large igneous provinces

Jiang, Qiang; Jourdan, Fred; Olierook, Hugo K.H.; Merle, Renaud

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104314

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 378 publications

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“…Large igneous provinces (LIPs), which are predicted to have originated from a plume-like source, generally show multiple eruption events (Bryan and Ernst 2008;Kasbohm et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2023). Similar types of episodic eruption events have been reported from various continental flood basalt provinces across the world (Table 2, Fig.…”

Section: Time Scale Of Plume Pulses In Different Lipssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…According to them, recent contributions from the refinement of U-Pb geochronology have positively impacted radio-isotopic dating. In another review on large igneous provinces, Jiang et al (2023) compiled and evaluated the isotopic ages of different Phanerozoic LIPs calculated by two radio-isotopic dating analyses (e.g., 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, U-Pb). They discussed the criteria for reliability in both methods and pointed out that the precision of geochronological analyses can be improved significantly through the advancement of analytical instruments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irrespective of the systematic differences in these dating methods, for a few LIPs (e.g., Siberian, Deccan, Emeishan, Karoo-Ferrar, CAMP, Columbia River) the ages indicate the pulsating nature of large igneous provinces (Kasbohm et al, 2021). The compiled data by Jiang et al (2023) showed that the main eruption pulse is preceded and succeeded by relatively minor pulses and the average timescale between these pulses range from < 1 Ma to ~ 4 Ma depending on the nature of LIP whether it is short lived or long lived. Interestingly the duration and tempo of these LIP emplacements vary, and the authors suggested that the reason might lie in the LIP formation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solitary waves forming pulsating thermal plumes and their implications for multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces

Dutta,

Mandal

2024

Episodes

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In Earth's mantle, gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes. This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces (LIP) and hotspots. We demonstrate that depending on physical conditions, plumes can either ascend in a continuous process with a single, large head trailing into a long slender tail, or alternatively, they ascend in a pulsating fashion producing multiple inaxis heads. Based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, we performed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to constrain the thermo-mechanical conditions that decide the continuous versus pulsating dynamics. The simulations suggest the density (ρ*) and the viscosity (R) ratios of the ambient to the plume and the influx rates (Re) are the prime factors in controlling the ascent dynamics. The simulations could also predict thermal events near the surface causing eruption periodically as pulses. The pulsating plume model explains the multiple eruption events in different LIPs and our simulation results predict that variation in the temperature of the source layer can cause a range of timescale for this periodicity.

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Section: Time Scale Of Plume Pulses In Different Lipssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solitary waves forming pulsating thermal plumes and their implications for multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces

Dutta,

Mandal

2024

Episodes

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“…the Siberian Traps [ 29 ] and the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province [ 30 ], respectively. However, more than a few second-order mass extinctions are suspected to have been caused by LIP eruptions, including the end-Guadalupian event (linked to the ∼259-Ma Emeishan LIP), the Early Toarcian event (linked to the ∼183-Ma Karoo-Ferrar LIP) and the end-Cenomanian event (linked to the ∼94-Ma Caribbean LIP) [ 121 ]. The end-Smithian biocrisis of the mid-Early Triassic, which was preceded by climatic hyperwarming [ 46 ], may also have had an LIP trigger (i.e.…”

Section: Towards a General Theory Of Mass Extinction Causationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

Algeo,

Shen

2023

National Science Review

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Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e., the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e., the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide (i.e., meteor) impacts, large igneous province (LIP) eruptions, and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers (e.g., solar flares, gamma bursts, and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity, and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity, and higher carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships to carbon-cycle changes. In this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g., carbon burial during the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian events, carbon release associated with modern anthropogenic climate warming, and little to no carbon-cycle impact due to certain types of ecosystem change (e.g., the advent of the first predators around the end-Ediacaran; the appearance of Paleolithic human hunters in Australasia and the Americas). Broadly speaking, studies of mass extinction causation have suffered from insufficiently critical thinking—an impartial survey of the extant evidence shows that (i) hypotheses of a common ultimate cause (e.g., bolide impacts or LIP eruptions) for all Big Five mass extinctions are suspect given manifest differences in patterns of environmental and biotic change among them; (ii) the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian events were associated with carbon burial and long-term climatic cooling, i.e., changes that are inconsistent with a bolide-impact or LIP-eruption mechanism; and (iii) claims of periodicity in Phanerozoic mass extinctions depended critically on the now-disproven idea that they shared a common extrinsic trigger (i.e., bolide impacts).

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“…The protracted and/or multiple pulses of HALIP pose a particular challenge because most traditionally defined LIPs are erupted in a relatively short amount of time (1-5 Myr for >75 % of the volume). Whilst there are other LIPs that seem to have lasted for over ∼20-30 Myr or more (e.g., Ernst & Bleeker, 2010;Jiang et al, 2020Jiang et al, , 2023, a duration of 50+ Myr is uncommon, especially for continental LIPs. Furthermore, other such long-lived and multi-pulse LIPs have typically been attributed to changes in tectonic setting, for example, during extension, seafloor spreading and/or a plume interacting with a mid-ocean ridge (as for the case of Kerguelen; Jiang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Multi‐Phase Magmatism Due To Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction as Applied to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province

Heyn,

Shephard,

Conrad

2024

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The widespread High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) exhibits prolonged melting over more than 50 Myr, an observation that is difficult to reconcile with the classic view that large igneous provinces (LIPs) originate from melting in plume heads. Hence, the suggested plume‐related origin and classification of HALIP as a LIP have been questioned. Here, we use numerical models that include melting and melt migration to investigate a rising plume interacting with lithosphere of variable thickness, that is, a basin‐to‐craton setting applicable to the Arctic. Models reveal that melt migration introduces significant spatial and temporal variations in melt volumes and pulses of melt production, including protracted melting for at least about 30–40 Myr, because of the dynamic feedback between migrating melt and local lithosphere thinning. For HALIP, plume material deflected from underneath the Greenland craton can re‐activate melting zones below the previously plume‐influenced Sverdrup Basin after a melt‐free period of about 10–15 Myr, even though the plume is already ∼500 km away. Hence, actively melting zones do not necessarily represent the location of the deeper plume stem at a given time, especially for secondary pulses. Additional processes such as (minor) plume flux variations or local lithospheric extension may alter the timing and volume of HALIP pulses, but are to first order not required to reproduce the long‐lived and multi‐pulse magmatism of HALIP. Since melting zones are always plume‐fed, we would expect HALIP magmatism to exhibit plume‐related trace element signatures throughout time, potentially shifting from mostly tholeiitic toward more alkalic compositions.

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An appraisal of the ages of Phanerozoic large igneous provinces

Cited by 25 publications

References 378 publications

Solitary waves forming pulsating thermal plumes and their implications for multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces

Solitary waves forming pulsating thermal plumes and their implications for multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces

Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

Prolonged Multi‐Phase Magmatism Due To Plume‐Lithosphere Interaction as Applied to the High Arctic Large Igneous Province

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