An approach to identify the mass and energy of the primary cosmic rays around the knee region using arrival time distribution of secondary charged particles in extensive air showers

Rastegarzadeh, Gohar; Moghaddam, Saba Mortazavi

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2020.02.007

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The space-time information can be used to reconstruct the direction of the shower [17]. By using the arrival time distribution of secondary particles in an EAS, Rasterizer et al [18] presented a method to discriminate the mass and energy of primary cosmic rays. So it's useful to study the distribution of secondary particle arrival times.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2023)182mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations of secondary particle arrival time detected by LHAASO-KM2A during thunderstorms

Chen¹,

Zhou²,

Yang³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023)

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A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), KM2A contains 5216 electromagnetic particle detectors (EDs) and 1188 muon detectors (MDs). For each shower event that meets the trigger conditions (at least 20 fired EDs within a time window of 400 ns) in KM2A array, there are many signals from ED and MD detectors. The information on the arrival time and location of each signal are recorded, and the ED hits are used for shower reconstruction. Due to the acceleration and deflection by the atmospheric electric field (AEF) during a thunderstorm, the arrival time and position of the ground-level particles are modified, resulting in the changes in the inferred shower detection. To understand the shower event variation during thunderstorms, the particle arrival time is studied by analyzing the KM2A data. We can measure the distribution of changes of arrival time in the thunderstorm electric field. The variation amplitude is not only dependent on the AEF, but also highly correlated with the direction of the shower event. With the increase of the AEF strength and the zenith angle, the variation in amplitude of the arrival time becomes larger. Our results are useful in understanding the variation of shower rate detected by LHAASO-KM2A, and will also provide important information for shower reconstruction during thunderstorms.

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Section: Pos(icrc2023)182mentioning

confidence: 99%