An approach to model the thermal conversion and flight behaviour of Refuse Derived Fuel

Liedmann, B.; Arnold, W. C.; Krüger, Benno; Becker, A.; Krusch, S.; Wirtz, S.; Scherer, Viktor

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2017.03.069

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As a fuel, SRF is characterized by a high heterogeneity with a wide range of physical and chemical properties that affect the combustion in the cement kiln . Most notably is a high moisture content, typically 10–20 wt %, , and large particle size with an equivalent particle diameter in the range 1–30 mm. , This increases combustion time and lowers the combustion temperature, compared to the conventional fossil fuels. , The increased combustion time can also lead to unconverted fuel particles dropping into the clinker bed, resulting in local reducing conditions in the bed and an increased vaporization of volatile sulfur, which may lead to deposit buildup in the kiln or preheater. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 As a fuel, SRF is characterized by a high heterogeneity with a wide range of physical and chemical properties that affect the combustion in the cement kiln. 7 Most notably is a high moisture content, typically 10−20 wt %, 8,9 and large particle size with an equivalent particle diameter in the range 1−30 mm. 8,10 This increases combustion time and lowers the combustion temperature, compared to the conventional fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of Flames in Cement Kilns To Study the Influence of Different Fuel Types

et al. 2017

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The cement industry aims to use an increased amount of alternative fuels to reduce production costs and CO 2 emissions. In this study three cement plants firing different kinds and percentages of alternative fuel were studied. A specially developed camera setup was used to monitor the flames in the three cement kilns and assess the effect of alternative fuels on the flame. It was found that co-firing with solid recovered fuel (SRF) would delay the ignition point by about 2 meters and lower the intensity and temperature of the kiln flame compared to a fossil fuel flame. This is related to a larger particle size and moisture content of the alternative fuels, which lowers the conversion rate compared to fossil fuels. The consequences can be a lower kiln temperature and cement quality. The longer conversion time may also lead to the possibility of localized reducing conditions in the cement kiln, which can have a negative impact on the clinker quality and process stability. The burner design may alleviate some of the issues encountered with SRF co-firing. At one of the test plants the burner was changed from a design with an annular channel for axial air to a jet design. This proved to be beneficial for an early ignition and improved dispersion of the fuel and led to an increase in cement quality and higher use of SRF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Flames in Cement Kilns To Study the Influence of Different Fuel Types

et al. 2017

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“…In order to estimate the particle volume, V p , from the particle mass, m p , constant densities of 950 and 650 kg/m 3 are assumed for the plastic and biomass particles, respectively. The selected values are close to the ones used in ref . Then the volume of the particle is calculated from the following relation: where ρ p is the particle density.…”

Section: Aerodynamics Of Nonspherical Particlesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The composition of RDF depends on the supplier, the sorting and separation process, the source material it is produced from, and the time of the year that it has been produced . As each of the material types composing RDF combusts differently in suspension conditions, the composition of RDF affects the combustion and the temperature distribution in the cement calciner and the rotary kiln. The effect of RDF co-firing on the performance and operating conditions of calciners and rotary kilns is investigated in some of the previous studies. − Apart from the cement industry, RDF combustion or co-firing is widely used in other industrial reactors and furnaces, e.g., power plant boilers and fluidized beds. − However, in the present study, RDFs utilized in the cement industry are studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic and Physical Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel

Nakhaei

Pedersen

et al. 2018

Energy Fuels

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“…As a result, replacement or co-firing of conventional pulverised solid fuels with SRFs may change the operating conditions of cement calciners. Even though this replacement is investigated widely for other types of industrial furnaces (e.g., rotary kilns [4,[8][9][10], utility boilers [11][12][13][14][15], etc. ), reported studies in the area of cement calciners are limited.…”

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confidence: 99%