An approach to problems of risk management for structures and services due to lightning flashes

Darveniza, M.; Flisowski, Z.; Kern, Alexander; Landers, E.U.; Mazzetti, C.; Rousseau, Alain; Sherlock, Jim; Piparo, G.B. Lo

doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2004.01.007

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Regarding lightning‐strike hardening measures, common options cited in the literature are: lightning protection, transient surge protection, equipment grounding and bonding, replacing copper cables with fiber optic cables, enhanced shielding techniques, and control of electrostatic discharge (Cooray, 2010). Historically, lightning protection standards prior to 2000 would solely focus on risk of loss of human life or loss of service from electric shock and other direct physical damage (Darveniza et al., 2004). Indirect damage related to the effect of electromagnetic impulse and failure of internal systems is less well understood and documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the correlation between lightning intensity and damage typologies to structures (CENELEC, 2011; Darveniza et al., 2004; Fisher, Hoole, Pirapaharan, Thirukumaran, & Hoole, 2014; Loboda & Lenarczyk, 2014), as well as the high sensitivity of lightning risk assessment to lightning flash density parameters (Farkas, Szedenik, & Kiss, 2013), this study contributes to the field by incorporating a lightning intensity parameter (i.e., peak current measures in kiloamperes) to better characterize lightning hazard and explore the spatial patterns of U.S. airports exposure to lightning strikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airport Exposure to Lightning Strike Hazard in the Contiguous United States

Lindbergh

Graves

et al. 2020

Risk Analysis

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Reliability of the air transportation system heavily depends on the performance of communication, navigation, and surveillance facilities in the National Airspace System (NAS). These facilities are prone to outages caused by convective weather, such as lightning. Current lightning safety standards and risk assessments focus solely on lightning occurrence and omit the effect of lightning intensity from hazard characterization. We propose methods that incorporate lightning intensity and occurrence parameters to better understand the impact of lightning strike on the NAS using the National Lightning Detection Network and Federal Aviation Administration NAS facilities and equipment outage databases. Spatial analysis and clustering reveal different exposure profiles for 436 U.S. airports. Kernel Density estimation and Hot Spot analysis show that regardless of lightning intensity, Southern state airports are the most exposed to lightning hazards. K‐means clustering reveal five different lightning exposure profiles that mimic the spatial patterns produced by the Kernel Density estimation and Hot Spot analysis. A scoring system ranks all airports according to their exposure profile taking into consideration lightning occurrence and intensity. It is complemented with a rising trend exposure analysis, which identifies airports whose exposure could be underestimated under the current standards, identifying airports with fewer lightning occurrences but higher intensities. Finally, a comparison between the exposure patterns and lightning‐induced outages provide insights into U.S. lightning impact patterns. Similar patterns between lightning exposure and outages indicate that the results of the proposed lightning hazard assessment provide useful information for prioritizing airport hardening investments at the national scale and reducing lightning risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airport Exposure to Lightning Strike Hazard in the Contiguous United States

Lindbergh

Graves

et al. 2020

Risk Analysis

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“…Consider these two fields. 1 (1) The 'far field' exists due to the fact that prior to the initial charge motion, it was stationary at the origin. The information about its position and movement travels at the velocity of light as an electromagnetic wave.…”

Section: The Electric Field Of a Point Charge Accelerated To A Consta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) The 'acceleration field' produced by the infinite acceleration of the charge as described in equation ( 16). (3) The 'velocity field' produced by the charge in its uniform motion described in equation (1).…”

Section: The Total Field Of a Point Charge Accelerating To A Constant...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The induced electric field due to a current transient

Beck¹,

Braunstein²,

Frankental³

2007

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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Calculations and measurements of the electric fields, induced by a lightning strike, are important for understanding the phenomenon and developing effective protection systems. In this paper, a novel approach to the calculation of the electric fields due to lightning strikes, using a relativistic approach, is presented. This approach is based on a known current wave-pair model, representing the lightning current wave. The model presented is one that describes the lightning current wave, either at the first stage of the descending charge wave from the cloud or at the later stage of the return stroke. The electric fields computed are cylindrically symmetric. A simplified method for the calculation of the electric field is achieved by using special relativity theory and relativistic considerations. The proposed approach, described in this paper, is based on simple expressions (by applying Coulomb's law) compared with much more complicated partial differential equations based on Maxwell's equations. A straight forward method of calculating the electric field due to a lightning strike, modelled as a negative–positive (NP) wave-pair, is determined by using the special relativity theory in order to calculate the ‘velocity field’ and relativistic concepts for calculating the ‘acceleration field’. These fields are the basic elements required for calculating the total field resulting from the current wave-pair model. Moreover, a modified simpler method using sub models is represented. The sub-models are filaments of either static charges or charges at constant velocity only. Combining these simple sub-models yields the total wave-pair model. The results fully agree with that obtained by solving Maxwell's equations for the discussed problem.

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The risk multilingual 3 software: Applying the new trends in lightning RISK assessment

Bouquegneau

Lecomte

2010

2010 30th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)

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An approach to problems of risk management for structures and services due to lightning flashes

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Airport Exposure to Lightning Strike Hazard in the Contiguous United States

Airport Exposure to Lightning Strike Hazard in the Contiguous United States

The induced electric field due to a current transient

The risk multilingual 3 software: Applying the new trends in lightning RISK assessment

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