An Approximate Estimation of Total Materials Requirement of Metals

Halada, Kohmei; Ijima, Kiyoshi; Katagiri, Nozomu; Okura, Takahiko

doi:10.2320/jinstmet1952.65.7_564

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The data of specific TMR for copper ore [71], coal and heavy oil [66], and SiO 2 [66] are available. The TMR of electricity is computed in Section 3.1.…”

Section: Metal Sulfide Roasting and Smelting (Msrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study

et al. 2018

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Securing stable material supply is of paramount importance since materials are fundamental to the economy and human well-being. The domestic production to consumption ratio has conventionally been utilized as a main index for external dependency in terms of material supply security and its criticality. However, the conventional approach confines its application to raw materials, which potentially risks reaching short-sighted conclusions in the policy-making process. Beyond the conventional analysis of external dependency, the development of a more applicable approach for every material is of paramount importance to consider the diversification of external dependency more comprehensively and to aid the analysis of overall material criticality. As such, this paper establishes a new methodology for analyzing external dependency related to every material and product by using the concept of total material requirement (TMR). Applying the methodology, the external dependency of sulfuric acid production in Japan is evaluated as a case study. Previously unexamined elements associated with external dependency in the conventional approach are revealed by this new comprehensive approach. The new approach may be of use to policymakers in designing more sophisticated and well-grounded material securement policy.

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“…The data of specific TMR for copper ore [71], coal and heavy oil [66], and SiO 2 [66] are available. The TMR of electricity is computed in Section 3.1.…”

Section: Metal Sulfide Roasting and Smelting (Msrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study

et al. 2018

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“…It is found from the figure that the any inputs at the in-use stage of EHA are not accounted for. In order to compare the estimated UO-TMR with reported NO-TMR 9,10) on the same footing, any treatments of urban tailings such as detoxifying treatment are regarded as out of the boundary.…”

Section: Detailed Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the comparison, the reported NO-TMR by Halada et al 9,10) were used for gold, silver, copper, iron and aluminum, and the average value of Nakajima's data 13) for several plastics was used for NO-TMR of plastics. On the other hand, since there is no TMR data for stainless steel and die-casting aluminum, they are estimated from the data of ''Material Intensity (MIT)'', 30) which is estimated based on the similar concept to TMR.…”

Section: Recycling Processes and Dilution Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for the NO-TMR, it was energetically estimated by Halada et al for more than 60 elements. 9,10) In addition, Nakajima reported the NO-TMR of some materials such as diesel oil, plastics and wooden materials. 13) However, as far as investigated, very few data is reported for UO-TMR excluding our estimation on Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, In, Ta and plastics from mobile phone and laptop PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Total Materials Requirement for the Recycling of Elements and Materials (Urban Ore TMR) from End-of-Life Electric Home Appliances

et al. 2009

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Total materials requirement (TMR) for the recycling of elements and materials (Urban Ore TMR) from end-of-life electric home appliances (cathode ray tube TV, liquid crystal display TV, refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner and microwave oven) have been estimated and evaluated. The estimation were carried out using scenario analyses, in which the number of recycled elements and/or materials was changed considering additional energy for advanced recycling. As the results of the estimation, the urban ore TMR of gold, silver, copper and stainless steel were lower than TMR when they are smelted from natural ore (natural ore TMR) for all the scenarios. The urban ore TMR for iron (steel), aluminum and die-casting aluminum were mainly affected by the dilution ratio using pure element for the recycling. The recyclability of the elements and materials are discussed from the view point of TMR.

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“…"Materials intensity per service" is the numerical inverse of resource productivity. Life cycle input of resources per the aim and the function of a product system such as TMR (Total Materials Requirement) 16) is to be reduced in the life cycle. The lightening of vehicles while maintaining the safety level is a typical case.…”

Section: Barrier On the Output-flow Of Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Step of Ecomaterial to Break through the Barrier between Ecomaterial-Selection and Eco-Design

2002

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Based on the review of ten years progress of ecomaterials' research and development, a barrier free processing is proposed as a next step of ecomaterials. In the first place, the development of ecomaterial is reviewed. The concept of ecomaterial has been widely spread in the design of materials as life-cycle thinking and has been realized in the various area as a form of consumer material, commodity material and energy-transmission material with the keyword of "hazardous substance free", "green environmental profile", "higher recyclability" and "higher materials efficiency". The importance of the connection of the ecomaterial with DfE (design for the environment) is emphasized as the next step. The existence of the barrier in the material processing technology between ecomaterial-selection and DfE is pointed out. The barrier on the input-flow of the process makes it difficult to use of environmental friendly raw materials. The barrier on the output-flow of the process prevents it from the flexible formability to give the shape to realize DfE. In order to solve those problems, a new research project, named as "Study on the Barrier-Free Processing of Materials for Life-Cycle Design for Environment", has been launched.

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An Approximate Estimation of Total Materials Requirement of Metals

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study

Comprehensive Analysis of External Dependency in Terms of Material Criticality by Employing Total Material Requirement: Sulfuric Acid Production in Japan as a Case Study

Evaluation of Total Materials Requirement for the Recycling of Elements and Materials (Urban Ore TMR) from End-of-Life Electric Home Appliances

New Step of Ecomaterial to Break through the Barrier between Ecomaterial-Selection and Eco-Design

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