An Approximately Efficient TDOA Localization Algorithm in Closed-Form for Locating Multiple Disjoint Sources With Erroneous Sensor Positions

Weighted Multidimensional Scaling Localization of a Known Altitude Object Using TOA Measurements

“…Consider an unknown target located on the surface of Earth with the true position (1) where R is equal to the sum of the target altitude and the local Earth radius [6][7]. The true distance between the target and sensor i is …”

“…The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) gives the lowest possible estimation covariance matrix for any unbiased estimator of deterministic parameters [7][8]. From the previous section, we have that the unknown is the gatget position o u .…”

Self-localization application for iPhone using only ambient sound signals

“…Popular applications include GSM localization [1,2] and WiFi network fingerprinting [3]. For known sender or receiver position information TDOA localization can be addressed in closed form [4,5,6] or by an iterative approach [7]. Moses et al use TDOA with additional angle information (direction of arrival, DOA) to locate both unknown sender and receiver positions [8].…”

Convex Optimization Algorithms for Multiple Source Localization Based on Received Signal Strength Measurements

“…These measurements include the time of arrival (TOA) [4,5], time difference of arrival (TDOA) [6] and received signal strength (RSS) [7,8]. There is a tradeoff in the techniques, which rely on these parameters, in terms of implementation complexity and localization accuracy.…”