An Arabidopsis AT-hook motif nuclear protein mediates somatic embryogenesis and coinciding genome duplication

Karami, Omid; Rahimi, Arezoo; Mak, Patrick; Horstman, Anneke; Boutilier, Kim; Compier, M.; Zaal, B. van der; Offringa, Remko

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22815-8

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…20,21 AHL15 homologs have been implicated in several aspects of plant growth and development in Arabidopsis, including flowering time and hypocotyl growth, 22,23 flower development, 24 vascular tissue differentiation, 25 and gibberellin biosynthesis. 26 In addition, we have recently shown that AHL15 and its family members play key roles in plant embryogenesis 27 and longevity. 28 Apart from promoting plant longevity, we also discovered that AHL15 enhances secondary growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of cambium initiation and activity in Arabidopsis by the transcriptional regulator AHL15

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of cambium initiation and activity in Arabidopsis by the transcriptional regulator AHL15

et al. 2022

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“…Induced totipotency refers to the ability of cells to develop into embryos when cultured in vitro ( Fehér, 2019 ). Somatic embryogenesis is a type of totipotency in which vegetative (nongametophytic) cells are induced to develop into embryos after exposure to exogenous growth regulators, in particular the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), or by ectopic expression of embryo or meristem identity transcription factors ( Horstman et al, 2017a ; Fehér, 2019 ; Karami et al, 2021b ). Both inducer treatments promote cell division and also reprogram cells in a multicellular explant toward somatic embryogenesis or toward pluripotent pathways resulting in callus formation and organogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis

Wróbel-Marek

Heidmann

et al. 2021

Plant Physiology

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Somatic embryogenesis is a type of plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from non-reproductive (vegetative) cells without fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by auxins, and by ectopic expression of embryo-expressed transcription factors like the BABY BOOM (BBM) AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain protein. These different pathways are thought to converge to promote auxin response and biosynthesis, but the specific roles of the endogenous auxin pathway in somatic embryogenesis induction have not been well-characterized. Here we show that BBM transcriptionally regulates the YUCCA3 (YUC3) and YUC8 auxin biosynthesis genes during BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. BBM induced local and ectopic YUC3 and YUC8 expression in seedlings, which coincided with increased DR5 auxin response and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis and with ectopic expression of the WOX2 embryo reporter. YUC-driven auxin biosynthesis was required for BBM-mediated somatic embryogenesis, as the number of embryogenic explants was reduced by ca. 50% in yuc3 yuc8 mutants and abolished after chemical inhibition of YUC enzyme activity. However, a detailed YUC inhibitor time-course study revealed that YUC-dependent IAA biosynthesis is not required for the re-initiation of totipotent cell identity in seedlings. Rather, YUC enzymes are required later in somatic embryo development for the maintenance of embryo identity and growth. This study resolves a long-standing question about the role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis in transcription factor-mediated somatic embryogenesis and also provides an experimental framework for understanding the role of endogenous auxin biosynthesis in other in planta and in vitro embryogenesis systems.

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“…Moreover, the quantification of the H3ac signals in the cotyledons exhibited no significant differences between the embryogenic (EA and ET) and control (E0) cultures. A possible explanation for this result provided a recent report on rather limited heterochromatin decondensation in the SE-involved cotyledon cells in response to auxin [ 106 ]. Together, these results imply that discrete and cell-specific changes in Hac might accompany SE induction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Insights into the Histone Acetylation-Mediated Regulation of the Transcription Factor Genes That Control the Embryogenic Transition in the Somatic Cells of Arabidopsis

Morończyk

Brąszewska-Zalewska

Wójcikowska

et al. 2022

Cells

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE), which is a process that involves the in vitro-induced embryogenic reprogramming of plant somatic cells, requires dynamic changes in the cell transcriptome. These changes are fine-tuned by many genetic and epigenetic factors, including posttranslational histone modifications such as histone acetylation. Antagonistically acting enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), which control histone acetylation in many developmental processes, are believed to control SE. However, the function of specific HAT/HDACs and the genes that are subjected to histone acetylation-mediated regulation during SE have yet to be revealed. Here, we present the global and gene-specific changes in histone acetylation in Arabidopsis explants that are undergoing SE. In the TSA (trichostatin A)-induced SE, we demonstrate that H3 and H4 acetylation might control the expression of the critical transcription factor (TF) genes of a vital role in SE, including LEC1, LEC2 (LEAFY COTYLEDON 1; 2), FUS3 (FUSCA 3) and MYB118 (MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 118). Within the HATs and HDACs, which mainly positively regulate SE, we identified HDA19 as negatively affecting SE by regulating LEC1, LEC2 and BBM. Finally, we provide some evidence on the role of HDA19 in the histone acetylation-mediated regulation of LEC2 during SE. Our results reveal an essential function of histone acetylation in the epigenetic mechanisms that control the TF genes that play critical roles in the embryogenic reprogramming of plant somatic cells. The results implicate the complexity of Hac-related gene regulation in embryogenic induction and point to differences in the regulatory mechanisms that are involved in auxin- and TSA-induced SE.

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An Arabidopsis AT-hook motif nuclear protein mediates somatic embryogenesis and coinciding genome duplication

Cited by 37 publications

References 82 publications

Control of cambium initiation and activity in Arabidopsis by the transcriptional regulator AHL15

Control of cambium initiation and activity in Arabidopsis by the transcriptional regulator AHL15

Auxin biosynthesis maintains embryo identity and growth during BABY BOOM-induced somatic embryogenesis

Insights into the Histone Acetylation-Mediated Regulation of the Transcription Factor Genes That Control the Embryogenic Transition in the Somatic Cells of Arabidopsis

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