An Arabidopsis Mutant Resistant to Thaxtomin A, a Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitor from<i>Streptomyces</i>Species[W]

Scheible, Wolf‐Rüdiger; Fry, B. A.; Kochevenko, Andrej; Schindelasch, Dana; Zimmerli, Laurent; Somerville, Shauna; Loria, Rosemary; Somerville, Chris

doi:10.1105/tpc.013342

Cited by 190 publications

(177 citation statements)

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“…In this paper we describe a new approach for the de novo biosynthesis of “non‐natural” variants of thaxtomin phytotoxins produced by Streptomyces scabies (Figure 1 A), which inhibit cellulose biosynthesis in plants 18, 19. Thaxtomins ( 1 – 11 ) are biosynthesized from l ‐phenylalanine and the unusual l ‐4‐nitrotryptophan, which is produced by TxtD and TxtE enzymes (Figure 1 B) 20, 21, 22, 23.…”

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confidence: 99%

De novo Biosynthesis of “Non‐Natural” Thaxtomin Phytotoxins

2018

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Thaxtomins are diketopiperazine phytotoxins produced by Streptomyces scabies and other actinobacterial plant pathogens that inhibit cellulose biosynthesis in plants. Due to their potent bioactivity and novel mode of action there has been considerable interest in developing thaxtomins as herbicides for crop protection. To address the need for more stable derivatives, we have developed a new approach for structural diversification of thaxtomins. Genes encoding the thaxtomin NRPS from S. scabies, along with genes encoding a promiscuous tryptophan synthase (TrpS) from Salmonella typhimurium, were assembled in a heterologous host Streptomyces albus. Upon feeding indole derivatives to the engineered S. albus strain, tryptophan intermediates with alternative substituents are biosynthesized and incorporated by the NRPS to deliver a series of thaxtomins with different functionalities in place of the nitro group. The approach described herein, demonstrates how genes from different pathways and different bacterial origins can be combined in a heterologous host to create a de novo biosynthetic pathway to “non‐natural” product target compounds.

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confidence: 99%

De novo Biosynthesis of “Non‐Natural” Thaxtomin Phytotoxins

2018

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“…S. scabies attacks actively growing tubers by producing thaxtomins, which are phytotoxins that inhibit the biosynthesis of cellulose (32), resulting in cell death.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Induction of Defense Gene Expression in Potato by Pseudomonas sp. LBUM223 and Streptomyces scabies

Arseneault¹,

Pieterse²,

Gérin-Ouellet³

et al. 2014

Phytopathology®

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Streptomyces scabies is a causal agent of common scab of potato, which generates necrotic tuber lesions. We have previously demonstrated that inoculation of potato plants with phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA)-producing Pseudomonas sp. LBUM223 could significantly reduce common scab symptoms. In the present study, we investigated whether LBUM223 or an isogenic phzC-mutant not producing PCA could elicit an induced systemic resistance response in potato. The expression of eight defense-related genes (salicylic acid [SA]-related ChtA, PR-1b, PR-2, and PR-5; and jasmonic acid and ethylene-related LOX, PIN2, PAL-2, and ERF3) was quantified using newly developed TaqMan reversetranscription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays in 5-and 10-week-old potted potato plants. Although only wild-type LBUM223 was capable of significantly reducing common scab symptoms, the presence of both LBUM223 and its PCA-deficient mutant were equally able to upregulate the expression of LOX and PR-5. The presence of S. scabies overexpressed all SA-related genes. This indicates that (i) upregulation of potato defense-related genes by LBUM223 is unlikely to contribute to common scab's control and (ii) LBUM223's capacity to produce PCA is not involved in this upregulation. These results suggest that a direct interaction occurring between S. scabies and PCA-producing LBUM223 is more likely involved in controlling common scab development.

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“…This could be due to the missing unknown regulatory elements that were not included in the genomic construct of At3g59280. Previously, At3g59280 was named ThaXtomin Resistant 1 (TXR1) as mutants of this gene exhibit insensitivity to the cellulose synthesis inhibitor thaxtomin 13 . When we crossed txr1-1 with muse5-1 mos4 snc1, heterozygous F1 plants exhibited snc1-like phenotype (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thaxtomin A is a phytotoxin from Streptomyces species, in particular Streptomyces scabies, the causal agent of potato scab. Application of thaxtomin A at a concentration as low as 50 nM causes Arabidopsis seedlings to exhibit severe growth retardation as a consequence of cellulose synthesis inhibition 13 . The strong effect of thaxtomin A on cellulose synthesis is intriguing 13,31 .…”

Section: Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms3558mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitochondrial AtPAM16 is required for plant survival and the negative regulation of plant immunity

et al. 2013

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Proteins containing nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat domains (NB-LRRs) serve as immune receptors in plants and animals. Negative regulation of immunity mediated by NB-LRR proteins is crucial, as their overactivation often leads to autoimmunity. Here we describe a new mutant, snc1-enhancing (muse) forward genetic screen, targeting unknown negative regulators of NB-LRR-mediated resistance in Arabidopsis. From the screen, we identify MUSE5, which is renamed as AtPAM16 because it encodes the ortholog of yeast PAM16, part of the mitochondrial inner membrane protein import motor. Consistently, AtPAM16-GFP localizes to the mitochondrial inner membrane. AtPAM16L is a paralog of AtPAM16. Double mutant Atpam16-1 Atpam16l is lethal, indicating that AtPAM16 function is essential. Single mutant Atpam16 plants exhibit a smaller size and enhanced resistance against virulent pathogens. They also display elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Therefore, AtPAM16 seems to be involved in importing a negative regulator of plant immunity into mitochondria, thus protecting plants from over-accumulation of ROS and preventing autoimmunity.

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An Arabidopsis Mutant Resistant to Thaxtomin A, a Cellulose Synthesis Inhibitor fromStreptomycesSpecies[W]

Cited by 190 publications

References 54 publications

De novo Biosynthesis of “Non‐Natural” Thaxtomin Phytotoxins

De novo Biosynthesis of “Non‐Natural” Thaxtomin Phytotoxins

Long-Term Induction of Defense Gene Expression in Potato by Pseudomonas sp. LBUM223 and Streptomyces scabies

Mitochondrial AtPAM16 is required for plant survival and the negative regulation of plant immunity

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