An Architecture for Blockchain over Edge-enabled IoT for Smart Circular Cities

Damianou, Amalia; Angelopoulos, Constantinos Marios; Katos, Vasilios

doi:10.1109/dcoss.2019.00092

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In edge computing, computation is executed at the edges of a communication network, i.e., closer to the sources of data [26]. Damianou et al underline the contribution of edge computing in increasing performance and efficiency of internet of things (IoT) networks that use blockchain, as well as in mitigating the resources consumption and the waste production [27].…”

Section: Computing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information and Communication Technology Solutions for the Circular Economy

2020

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The concept of circular economy (CE) is becoming progressively popular with academia, industry, and policymakers, as a potential path towards a more sustainable economic system. Information and communication technology (ICT) systems have influenced every aspect of modern life and the CE is no exception. Cutting-edge technologies, such as big data, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality, and blockchain, can play an integral role in the embracing of CE concepts and the rollout of CE programs by governments, organizations, and society as a whole. The current paper conducts an extensive academic literature review on prominent ICT solutions paving the way towards a CE. For the categorization of the solutions, a novel two-fold approach is introduced, focusing on both the technological aspect of the solutions (e.g., communications, computing, data analysis, etc.), and the main CE concept(s) employed (i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle and restore) that each solution is the most relevant to. The role of each solution in the transition to CE is highlighted. Results suggest that ICT solutions related to data collection and data analysis, and in particular to the internet of things, blockchain, digital platforms, artificial intelligence algorithms, and software tools, are amongst the most popular solutions proposed by academic researchers. Results also suggest that greater emphasis is placed on the “reduce” component of the CE, although ICT solutions for the other “R” components, as well as holistic ICT-based solutions, do exist as well. Specific important challenges impeding the adoption of ICT solutions for the CE are also identified and reviewed, with consumer and business attitude, economic costs, possible environmental impacts, lack of education around the CE, and lack of familiarization with modern technologies being found among the most prominent ones.

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Section: Computing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information and Communication Technology Solutions for the Circular Economy

2020

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“…But security issues remains unaddressed. Blockchain and Edge Computing were joined in [19] to deal with the inhibited nature of IoT. Framework was constructed to minimize IoT device needs for memory capacity and to enhance performance results.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival Study on Blockchain Based 6G-Enabled Mobile Edge Computation for IoT Automation

et al. 2020

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Internet of Things (IoT) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) technology acts as a significant part of daily lives to facilitate control and monitoring of objects to revolutionize the ways that human interacts with physical world. IoT system includes large volume of data with network connectivity, power, and storage resources to transform data into meaningful information. Blockchain has decentralized nature to provide useful mechanism for addressing IoT challenges. Blockchain is distributed ledger with fundamental attributes, namely recorded, transparent, and decentralized. Blockchain formed participants in distributed ledger to record the transactions and communicate with other through trustless method. Security is considered as the most valuable features of Blockchain. IoT and Blockchain are emerging ideas for creating the applications to share the intrinsic features. Several existing works has been developed for the integration of blockchain with IoT. But, Blockchain protocols in the state-of-the-art works with IoT failed to consider the computational loads, delays, and bandwidth overhead which lead to new set of problems. The review estimates main challenges in integration of Blockchain and IoT technologies to attain high-level solutions by addressing the shortcomings and limitations of IoT and Blockchain technologies. INDEX TERMSThe Internet of Things, security, blockchain, transactions, transparent, and decentralized, bandwidth overhead.

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“…We argue for a different approach, the edge data principle, in which the originator of the data stores and controls the data. This concept is strongly linked to IoT technologies and machine-to-machine communication [79], with arguments on using this to obtain higher degree of circularity [80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circularity for Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) Model

Andersen

Jæger

2021

Sustainability

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In the transition to a circular focus on electric and electronic products, manufacturers play a key role as the originators of both the products and the information about the products. While the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive’s contemporary focus is on handling the product as waste after its end of life, the circular economy focuses on retaining the product’s value with a restorative system. The polluter-pays principle requires producers of pollution to bear the costs of handling the pollution, leading to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. This requires manufacturers to change their focus from their current passive role of out-sourcing end-of-life treatment to taking explicit responsibility for product management over an extended period of time. This paper investigates how a manufacturer can assume its responsibility to achieve circularity for its products. Based on our findings, three fundamental circularity principles, the circular electric and electronic equipment (CEEE) principles, for manufactures of electronic and electrical equipment are defined: (1) Serialize product identifiers, (2) data controlled by their authoritative source at the edge, and (3) independent actors’ access to edge data via a distributer ledger are the foundation of the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. We demonstrate the model through a case study of how to achieve circularity for lighting equipment. The CEEE principles and the demonstrated model contribute to building new circularity systems for electronic and electric products that let manufacturers undertake their extended product responsibility.

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An Architecture for Blockchain over Edge-enabled IoT for Smart Circular Cities

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Information and Communication Technology Solutions for the Circular Economy

Information and Communication Technology Solutions for the Circular Economy

Survival Study on Blockchain Based 6G-Enabled Mobile Edge Computation for IoT Automation

Circularity for Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) Model

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