An architecture for software that adapts to changes in requirements

Eracar, Yonet A.; Kokar, Mieczyslaw M.

doi:10.1016/s0164-1212(99)00098-9

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, when we found a conference and a journal version of the same paper, we kept only the journal version, as it is considered more complete and accurate. The final list of primary studies for our literature review consists of the following 42 references: [21], [24], [27], [28], [29], [34], [70], [74], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [91], [92], [93], [94], [95], [96], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [108]. 5.…”

Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Requires specific conditions to function (pre-conditions) [34], [84], [85], [88], [90], [98], [102], [106] Requires additional computation resources or tools (redundancy) [27], [84], [85], [88] Not applicable in some cases/systems [29], [34], [80], [84], [88], [90], [97], [98], [102] External validity: generalising findings requires extra effort [27], [29], [85], [94], [97] Complexity of the proposed approach [85] Not able to handle new requirements [24] venues, and 4 at venues with other subjects. The only venue that published more than three of the studies was the Journal of Systems and Software with 6 studies.…”

Section: Limitations Primary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research efforts applying control-theoretical adaptation to software exist [21], [27], [28], [29]. However, the results of these efforts are scattered and consequently, there is no clear view on state of the art.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control-Theoretical Software Adaptation: A Systematic Literature Review

Shevtsov

Berekmeri

Weyns

et al. 2018

IIEEE Trans. Software Eng.

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Modern software applications are subject to uncertain operating conditions, such as dynamics in the availability of services and variations of system goals. Consequently, runtime changes cannot be ignored, but often cannot be predicted at design time. Control theory has been identified as a principled way of addressing runtime changes and it has been applied successfully to modify the structure and behavior of software applications. Most of the times, however, the adaptation targeted the resources that the software has available for execution (CPU, storage, etc.) more than the software application itself. This paper investigates the research efforts that have been conducted to make software adaptable by modifying the software rather than the resource allocated to its execution. This paper aims to identify: the focus of research on control-theoretical software adaptation; how software is modeled and what control mechanisms are used to adapt software; what software qualities and controller guarantees are considered. To that end, we performed a systematic literature review in which we extracted data from 42 primary studies selected from 1512 papers that resulted from an automatic search. The results of our investigation show that even though the behavior of software is considered non-linear, research efforts use linear models to represent it, with some success. Also, the control strategies that are most often considered are classic control, mostly in the form of Proportional and Integral controllers, and Model Predictive Control. The paper also discusses sensing and actuating strategies that are prominent for software adaptation and the (often neglected) proof of formal properties. Finally, we distill open challenges for control-theoretical software adaptation.

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Section: Search Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations Primary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control-Theoretical Software Adaptation: A Systematic Literature Review

Shevtsov

Berekmeri

Weyns

et al. 2018

IIEEE Trans. Software Eng.

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“…The goal of the experiments presented in this paper was to demonstrate the usability of the idea of Adaptive Software Architecture [2][3][4] in constructing adaptive human-computer interfaces. As a case study, we selected the application of spell checking.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4]8]). This architecture is designed upon the structure of an adaptive controller [2,5,6] that uses the feedback mechanism to induce adaptability of the system. Towards this aim, we implemented a modular and flexible program, the SSCS, which incorporates some of the ideas of adaptive control systems [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SSCS: A Smart Spell Checker System Implementation Using Adaptive Software Architecture

Seth

Kokar

2003

Self-Adaptive Software: Applications

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Abstract. The subject of this paper is a Smart Spell Checker System (SSCS) that can adapt to a particular user by using the user's feedback for adjusting its behavior. The result of the adjustment is manifested in a different ordering of the suggestions to the user on how a particular spelling mistake should be corrected. The SSCS uses the Adaptive Software Architecture (ASA). The ASA consists of a hierarchy of layers, each containing a number of components calledKnowledge Sources. The layers are connected by a software bus called Domain. External elements include User and Initiator(s). Initiators supply input data to the system. The system also includes an Evaluator that generates feedback. Each Knowledge Source is responsible for generating suggestions for correcting a specific type of error. Feedback is propagated to Knowledge Sources after the user makes a selection of the correction. In response to feedback, Knowledge Sources adjust their algorithms. In this paper we present the results of the evaluation of the adaptability of the SSCS.

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