“…Algebraic thinking can be broadly defined as a process by which students are analysing relationships between quantities, noticing structures, studying changes, generalising, solving problems, modelling, justifying, proving, and predicting (Kieran, 2004). Similar descriptions treat algebraic thinking as working with unknown numbers when analysing relations between and structures within numbers when these unknowns can be named or symbolised, even in a non-symbolic way (Radford, 2013), or as an arithmetic-algebraic work space (Hitt et al, 2016). Another suggested definition of algebraic thinking entails identifying four component abilities (Blanton & Kaput, 2005): understanding patterns, relations, and functions; representing and analysing mathematical situations and structures using algebraic symbols; using mathematical models to represent and understand quantitative relationships; and analysing changes in various contexts.…”