An array of virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors and a front-end application-specific integrated circuit for large-area position-sensitive gamma-ray cameras

Bolotnikov, A. E.; Ackley, Kim; Camarda, G. S.; Cherches, C.; Cui, Yonggang; Geronimo, G. De; Fried, J.; Hodges, Deidra; Hossain, Anwar; Lee, W.; Mahler, G.; Maritato, M.; Petryk, M.; Roy, Utpal; Salwen, Cynthia; Vernon, E.; Yang, Ge; James, R. B.

doi:10.1063/1.4927455

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…4 Although it is not optimal for this device configuration, this ASIC is suited well for reading the positive signals from the anode and the negative signals from the cathode and four chargesensing pads. The amplitudes from the four sensing pads were converted into X and Y coordinates of the interaction points as a weighted average of the signals from the two pairs of opposite pads.…”

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confidence: 99%

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CdZnTe position-sensitive drift detectors with thicknesses up to 5 cm

Bolotnikov

Camarda

Chen

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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We investigated the feasibility of long-drift-time CdZnTe (CZT) gamma-ray detectors, fabricated from CZT material produced by Redlen Technologies. CZT crystals with cross-section areas of 5 × 5 mm2 and 6 × 6 mm2 and thicknesses of 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-mm were configured as 3D position-sensitive drift detectors and were read out using a front-end ASIC. By correcting the electron charge losses caused by defects in the crystals, we demonstrated high performance for relatively thick detectors fabricated from unselected CZT material.

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confidence: 99%

“…2,4 The detectors are encapsulated in thin polyester shells that electrically insulate the crystal from the 5 Â 5 mm 2 pads (cut from a thin copper tape) glued over the polyester shell to each of the side surfaces near the anodes. The pads are virtually grounded via charge-sensitive preamplifiers.…”

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confidence: 99%

CdZnTe position-sensitive drift detectors with thicknesses up to 5 cm

Bolotnikov

Camarda

Chen

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

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“…The non-contacting shielding electrode method was ap-plied for the virtual Frisch-grid effect [9] and the specifications of the used Redlen CZT are presented in Table 2. First of all, the side surfaces of each detector were wrapped by an ultra-thin polyethylene terephthalate hot shrink tube which has a dielectric strength over 150 V/μm.…”

Section: Virtual Frisch-grid Cztmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the structure based on a large single crystal, there is a limitation that the cost dramatically increased as increase of the crystal size. To overcome this problem, an array type detector which was comprised of individual virtual Frisch-grid CZTs was proposed [7][8][9]. Those small but high yielding components make the total price lower than that of monolithic detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Virtual Frisch-Grid CZT Detector Based on the Array Structure

Kim

Lee

2020

J Radiat Prot Res

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Background: Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is a promising material because of a high detection efficiency, good energy resolution, and operability at room temperature. However, the cost of CZT dramatically increases as its size increases. In this study, to achieve a large effective volume with relatively low cost, an array structure comprised of individual virtual Frisch-grid CZT detectors was proposed. Materials and Methods:The prototype consisted of 2 × 2 CZTs, a holder, anode and cathode printed circuit boards (PCBs), and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). CZTs were used and the non-contacting shielding electrode method was applied for virtual Frisch-grid effect. An ASIC was used, and the holder and the PCBs were fabricated. In the current system, because the CZTs formed a common cathode, a total of 5 channels were assigned for data processing. Results and Discussion:An experiment using 137 Cs at room temperature was conducted for 10 minutes. Energy and timing information was acquired and the depth of interaction was calculated by the timing difference between the signals of both electrodes. Based on obtained three-dimensional position information, the energy correction was carried out, and as a result the energy spectra showed the improvements. In addition, a Compton image was reconstructed using the iterative method. Conclusion:The virtual Frisch-grid CZT detector based on the array structure was developed and the energy spectra and the Compton image were successfully acquired.

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“…In current technology, the achievable size of a single crystal with high energy resolution is about cm [10]. Hence, to construct a large-volume CdZnTe detector suitable for compact, inexpensive instruments, we developed an assembly of detector modules using Frisch-grid devices [11]- [14], and a recently developed large array [15] was used for this research. The Frisch-grid device has a unique aspect in that it is simpler than multi-pixel approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini Compton Camera Based on an Array of Virtual Frisch-Grid CdZnTe Detectors

Lee

Bolotnikov

Lee

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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We constructed a mini Compton camera based on an array of CdZnTe detectors and assessed its spectral and imaging properties. The entire array consisted of Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors, each with a size of mm. Since it is easier and more practical to grow small CdZnTe crystals rather than large monolithic ones, constructing a mosaic array of parallelepiped crystals can be an effective way to build a more efficient, large-volume detector. With the fully operational CdZnTe array, we measured the energy spectra for , ,-radiation sources; we also located these sources using a Compton imaging approach. Although the Compton camera was small enough to hand-carry, its intrinsic efficiency was several orders higher than those generated in previous researches using spatially separated arrays, because our camera measured the interactions inside the CZT detector array, wherein the detector elements were positioned very close to each other. The performance of our camera was compared with that based on a pixelated detector.

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An array of virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors and a front-end application-specific integrated circuit for large-area position-sensitive gamma-ray cameras

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

CdZnTe position-sensitive drift detectors with thicknesses up to 5 cm

CdZnTe position-sensitive drift detectors with thicknesses up to 5 cm

Development of a Virtual Frisch-Grid CZT Detector Based on the Array Structure

Mini Compton Camera Based on an Array of Virtual Frisch-Grid CdZnTe Detectors

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