An Artificial Autonomic Nervous System That Implements Heart and Pupil as Controlled by Artificial Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves

Abstract

The autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis in organisms through complex neural pathways and responds adaptively to changes in the external and internal environment. The fabrication of an artificial autonomic nervous system is reported that replicates combined effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on cardiac activity and pupillary control, to mimic the regulation of autonomic nervous system to external changes. The artificial autonomic nerve‐controlled pupil contraction and relaxation, modulating the rate of heartbeats for normal cardiac rhythm and arrhythmia as reflected by blink rates of a signal indicator. These functions are switched by using a parallel‐channeled synaptic transistor with a special n‐i‐p heterostructure that has a 2D h‐BN insulator in the middle to provide barrier against ion injection into the 2D MoS2 bottom n‐channel and enable short‐term plasticity as induced by acetylcholine, and the electrochemical doping reaction occurred at the P3HT nanowire p‐channels on top to enable relatively long‐term plasticity as induced by noradrenaline. Low‐energy consumption down to femtojoule and an ultrahigh paired‐pulse facilitation index up to ≈455% are demonstrated. An artificial neural network based on device characteristics achieves a high recognition accuracy for electrocardiogram patterns. This study extends insights into artificial nerves‐inspired biological signal processing and recognition.

Unveiling the Role of Side Chain for Improving Nonvolatile Characteristics of Conjugated Polymers‐Based Artificial Synapse

“…The energy consumption was calculated using the equation E = AIW . [ 48 , 49 ] A = − 0.1 mV is the drain voltage, I = 593 nA is the current flowing across the device, and W = 20 ms is the width of the electrical pulse. The E obtained from the PDPP3T‐OD‐based artificial synapses was ≈1.18 pJ per spike, which is similar to previous studies and shows a low level of energy consumption.…”

Bio-inspired artificial synaptic transistors: evolution from innovative basic units to system integration

“…[7][8][9] Individual intelligent synaptic devices and sensing interconnect systems are expected to open the door of new-generation intelligent neurorobotics. [10][11][12] In addition, inspired by the brain, an ultra-low-power efficient computing system, 13 scientists are planning to design a low-power brain-like computer with efficient computing ability to break through the limitations of power walls in the post-Moore era. 14,15 To achieve this goal, two mainstream techniques involving complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based hardware digital systems and an intelligent synaptic software system have been widely studied.…”

“…7–9 Individual intelligent synaptic devices and sensing interconnect systems are expected to open the door of new-generation intelligent neurorobotics. 10–12…”

A Butterfly‐Inspired Multisensory Neuromorphic Platform for Integration of Visual and Chemical Cues

“…Recent research efforts have focused on integrating visual and tactile cues [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and to a limited extent visual and thermal cues. [40][41][42] However, visuochemical integration remains relatively unexplored despite the crucial roles they play in our daily interactions with the environment. While current AI primarily focuses on visual information, one must note that chemical signals can potentially enhance or alter our visual perception.…”