An Assessment Framework for the Transformation of Mobility 4.0 in Smart Cities

Abstract

Investing in digital transformation turns out to be a strategic action to tackle contemporary issues and to improve competitiveness for enterprises. The high variability of options in the digital transformation process enforces a higher complexity level in configuring and setting up objectives and goals based on cities’ needs; hence, a systematic approach is required to assist decision makers for better and sustainable transformation. A reference model is described in this paper to support decision makers with comprehensive assessment data for digital transformation cities transport. The proposed reference model assesses the cities based on digital transformation of transport services to assist policy makers for better decisions in transforming the Mobility 4.0. The proposed model in this study functions as a knowledge-based systematic framework for assessing the capabilities of the cities, diagnosing their needs under given circumstances and identifying the best fitting workflow for digital transformation of urban transportation systems and related services. The reference model takes on board a group of smart city indices with respective assessment criteria in determining a smartness level of transportation components. A conceptual 4-tier smartness scale has been proposed to establish a consistent assessment subject to cities circumstances in many respects. The reference model has been formalised into a mathematical model to characterise the assessments. The mathematical model encompasses strategic assessments by experts to identify priorities of investments in the digitalization process, which are aligned with strategic goals and policies of cities’ management.

The Transition of Cities towards Innovations in Mobility: Searching for a Global Perspective

“…This shared governance places us, once again, in line with SDG11. The link of INF and SEF can present a situation close to those who are committed to a flexible and efficient smart city [ 21 ], and those advocating for infrastructures that improve health and reduce emissions [ 50 ]. Additionally, while INF is required for the adoption of mobility innovations, it does not seem to play the key role that has been outlined previously.…”

“…Infrastructure provides a solution to the problems arising from massive urbanization [ 21 , 31 ] and ultimately determines the health of cities [ 22 ]. The reinforcement of infrastructure is essential to determining the level of readiness for smart city transformation [ 1 , 27 , 31 , 44 , 49 , 50 ]. The attractiveness of a city is linked to its ability to attract a creative population [ 51 ], a construct that encompasses a broad spectrum of elements [ 52 ].…”

“…Thus, attractiveness is linked to economic strengths [ 51 ] or to citizens’ perception of quality of life [ 53 ]. In any case, city governments try to make their cities as attractive as possible, not only for people to live in but also to facilitate investments [ 50 , 53 ]. The growing awareness of cities regarding their resilience to environmental challenges is causing them to embark in activities to identify new forms of urban efficiency [ 21 , 54 ].…”

“…Each city drives its transformation processes and development levels in different directions according to its contextual conditions, needs and resources [ 50 ]. In fact, each city designs its own smart city strategy depending on its available financial resources, cultural background and intrinsic level of development [ 56 ].…”

The Risks of Smart Cities and the Perspectives of Their Management Based on Corporate Social Responsibility in the Interests of Sustainable Development

“…Taking into account the above technological risks, the authors Ristvej et al ( 2020) and Żywiołek and Schiavone (2021) recommend creating a smart city within the "Safety and Security First" concept. However, a smart city is a specific cyber-physical system, which is very different from the most widespread cyber-physical systems: smart companies, the transition to which implies the total automatisation and autonomy of digital devices (their ability to work without human participation) (Inac and Oztemel 2022;Vişan and Ioniţă 2022).…”