An assessment of dispensing practices in private pharmacies in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Kagashe, Godeliver A.B.; Minzi, Omary; Matowe, Lloyd

doi:10.1111/j.2042-7174.2010.00075.x

Cited by 50 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are two types of drug-specific retailers in the private sector: Part I and Part II pharmacies [16]. The first type is operated by a pharmacist and is licensed to sell both medicines that require a prescription as well as those sold over the counter [17]. In order to obtain a licence, the pharmacist is required to register with the TFDA to get approval upon inspection of premises [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stretching the Boundaries: Tanzanian Pharmacy Workers’ Views and Experiences of Providing STI Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men

Larsson

Pettersson

Kashiha³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo explore the views and experiences of providing assistance and treatment of sexually transmitted infections to same-sex practicing male clients among service providers at pharmacies and drugstores in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Previous research suggests that sexually transmitted infections are an increasing concern for this population. Due to stigma and discrimination, men who have sex with men face limited access to treatment, which might contribute to increased self-medication. However, limited research has been conducted on the role of the pharmaceutical service provider with regards to this population in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodIn January 2016, 16 service providers at private pharmacies and drugstores with previous experience of providing services to this population were purposively selected for open-ended face-to-face interviews. The analysis was guided by the grounded theory approach.ResultsThe process that emerged was labelled “Stretching Boundaries for Pharmaceutical Responsibilities”. This reflected informants’ perceptions of themselves as being involved in a transition from having limited engagement in the care of same-sex practicing male clients to becoming regular service-providers to this group. Findings further revealed that the emotional commitment they developed for clients through this process led to a transgression of provider-client boundaries, which undermined objective decision-making when clients lacked prescription. Financial interests also emerged as an underlying motivation for providing incomplete or inaccurate drug dosages.ConclusionsFurther studies are required to better address incentives related to unregulated sale of drugs. Inter-professional networks between pharmacy and healthcare workers could support the development of targeted treatment for men who have sex with men and other key populations.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to problems related to the enforcement of regulations, Part II pharmacies have illegally stocked and provided prescription-only drugs [17]. The TFDA therefore initiated the accredited drug dispensing outlet (ADDO) programme in 2003 to capacitate personnel at Part II pharmacies in the area of essential drug provision [21, 22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretching the Boundaries: Tanzanian Pharmacy Workers’ Views and Experiences of Providing STI Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men

Larsson

Pettersson

Kashiha³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study concluded that interventions that build the capacity of dispensers, improve the rational use of antibiotics and the management of diarrhoea in private pharmacies in Tanzania were necessary to provide quality services to the population that relies heavily on the private sector. 10 In Uganda, it has also been shown that appropriate prescribing for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and malaria was poor in both public and private sectors. Prescribing antibiotics for ARI was nearly universal in both public and private sectors, with some prescriptions containing up to three antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prescription for antibiotics at drug shops and strategies to improve quality of care and patient safety: a cross-sectional survey in the private sector in Uganda

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess practices of antibiotic prescription at registered drug shops with a focus on upper respiratory tract infections among children in order to provide data for policy discussions aimed at improving quality of care and patient safety in the private health sector in Uganda.MethodsA survey was conducted within 57 parishes from August to October 2014 in Mukono District, Uganda. Data was captured on the following variables: drug shop characteristics, training of staff in management of pneumonia, availability of guidelines and basic equipment, available antibiotics, knowledge on treatment of pneumonia in children aged <5 years. The main study outcome was the proportion of private health facilities prescribing an antibiotic.ResultsA total of 170 registered drug shops were surveyed between August and October 2014. The majority of drug shops, 93.5% were prescribing antibiotics, especially amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (septrin). The professional qualification of a provider was significantly associated with this practice, p=0.04; where lower cadre staff (nursing assistants and enrolled nurses) overprescribed antibiotics. A third, 29.4% of drug shop providers reported that antibiotics were the first-line treatment for children with diarrhoea; yet the standard guideline is to give oral rehydration salts and zinc tablets. Only few providers, 8.2%, had training on antibiotics, with 10.6% on pneumonia case management. Further to this, 7.1% drug shops had WHO-Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines, and a negligible proportion (<1%) had respiratory timers and baby weighing scales. Although the majority of providers, 82.4%, knew severe signs and symptoms of pneumonia, few, 17.6%, knew that amoxicillin was the first-line drug for treatment of pneumonia in children according to the guidelines.ConclusionsThere is urgent need to regulate drug shop practices of prescribing and selling antibiotics, for the safety of patients seeking care at these outlets.

show abstract

“…Getting antibiotics directly from the pharmacy without a prescription is possible in Africa, South America, Asia as well as in many parts of Europe even when this practice is illegal [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Previous research indicates that antibiotics are readily dispensed for urinary tract infections, sore throat, bronchitis and diarrhea. Many of these studies have addressed dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in therapeutic doses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injudicious Provision of Subtherapeutic Doses of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacies

Amin

Amine

Newegy

2017

Iip

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

An assessment of dispensing practices in private pharmacies in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Stretching the Boundaries: Tanzanian Pharmacy Workers’ Views and Experiences of Providing STI Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men

Stretching the Boundaries: Tanzanian Pharmacy Workers’ Views and Experiences of Providing STI Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men

Prescription for antibiotics at drug shops and strategies to improve quality of care and patient safety: a cross-sectional survey in the private sector in Uganda

Injudicious Provision of Subtherapeutic Doses of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About