An Assessment of Green Rural Road Criteria and Elements for My Green Rural Road Index: A Case Study in Pengerang, Johor

Abstract

The rural road networks were built to connect the rural people to the town area or to other destination required by the local residents. Normally the rural roads will be developed to connect or increase the socio-economic opportunity in rural area. The green road is one of the key areas that can be look into to create the sustainable concept based on three key aspects namely social, environmental and economic factors. The main focus of the economy aspect is to increase the profits using more efficient resources, especially materials, improving the quality of life by meeting the national needs of social aspects and protecting the environment from the effects of CO2 emissions and efficient use of natural resources for environmental aspects. Therefore, it is important that stakeholders include sustainability criteria in their projects. The application of a sustainable concept on the road can be assessed by the green road evaluation tool. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to build tools to evaluate and declare green rural roads in Malaysia. The data for this study were gathered through group discussions with road construction experts and distributed questionnaires to identify sustainability factors. Then the data were analysed by factor analysis method using SPSS software. Based on the result, there are five main sustainable criteria: Sustainable Design and Construction, Social and Safety, Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Water Management and Materials and Technology that are included in the development of the green road qualification system. The analysis indicates that the social and safety become the prime criteria among other criteria.

Examining green road construction components: the case of Ghana

“…Similarly, Bryce's (2008) study used five (5) main criteria: watershed-driven stormwater management; life cycle energy and emission reduction; recycling, reuse and renewable energy; conservation; and ecosystem management in exploring the development and BEPAM 13,5 implementation of a green highway rating system. According to the findings of Mustafa et al (2022)., there are five major sustainable criteria: sustainable design and construction, social and safety, energy efficiency, environmental and water management and materials and technology. These six key categories of the University of Washington's (2011) Green Roads Abridged Manual were sustainable design, materials and resources; stormwater management; energy and environmental; and construction activities and innovation.…”

“…As sustainability increasingly becomes a concern to society, Yang and Zhang (2020) examined the steps involved in creating a green highway, as well as its conceptual qualities, construction concept, and primary construction ideas. Through gathering data from group discussions with road construction experts in Malaysia, Mustafa et al (2022) evaluated through factor analysis the green rural road criteria and elements in Malaysia. However, little research has been conducted to establish the components of green construction relating to road infrastructure projects in Ghana.…”

Energy efficiency compliance towards benchmarking for intermittent use religious buildings

“…Meanwhile, research by Adzar et al (2019) focused on sustainability performance during operation and maintenance application. Study conducted by Mustafa et al (2022) addressed on importance criteria in assessing green rural road. While research on the use of pHJKR for buildings are still minimal.…”