An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses

Çevik, Fatma; Göksu, Münir Ziya Lugal; Derici, Osman Barış; Fındık, Özlem

doi:10.1007/s10661-008-0317-3

Cited by 356 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The values of EF in the Hara Biosphere Reserve were similar those found by Ghrefat et al (2011) and were higher than the EF in the Wadi Al-Arab Sediment (Ghrefat and Yusuf, 2006). The Seyhan sediments are treated as having a moderately severe enrichment of Cd (Cevik et al, 2009) and the sediments of the Ziqlab Dam are enriched with Pb and Cd by 1.07 and 2.16 respectively, while Ni is depleted in the sediments (Abu-Rukah, 2001). EF values greater than 1 suggest that the sources are more likely to be anthropogenic (Ghrefat et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran

Nowrouzi¹,

Pourkhabbaz

2014

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

172

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Surface sediments from the Hara Biosphere Reserve of the Persian Gulf were collected to evaluate the contamination of metals including Pb, Cd, Ni and Fe. The sediment samples were subjected to a total digestion technique and analysed by atomic absorption spectrometer for metals including Pb, Cd, Ni and Fe. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface sediments was determined in grain size fractions, 2-1, 1-0.25, 0.25-0.063 and <0.063 mm. The highest mean concentration of heavy metals was observed in the <0.063 mm fraction and decreased with increasing size fraction, also metal concentrations in the 0.063 mm fraction represented the next decreasing order Fe>Ni>Pb>Cd. Cd had a higher enrichment factor than the other metals, and the I geo value for Cd in the most stations was classified as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated and moderately to strongly contaminated. This, combined with the average of I geo of Cd as 1.36 ± 0.22, suggested that surface sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve were moderately polluted by this metal. The results also showed that industrial activities around Hara Biosphere Reserve were the most important agents for releasing heavy metals in the area under study. Pearson correlation indicated that there were significant positive associations between Cd-Pb (r=0.523, P< 0.01) in the <0.063 mm fraction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran

Nowrouzi¹,

Pourkhabbaz

2014

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

172

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“…where C n is the measured concentration of the heavy metal in the sediment, constant 1.5 is the background matrix correction factor due to lithogenic effects (Abrahim and Parker 2008;Çevik et al 2009;Qian et al 2005), B n is the geochemical local background levels (LBLs) of Henan Province (EMC 1990) (Table 1), and n is the number of analyzed elements.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Contamination Degree Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediments from the Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve (the Sanmenxia section), China

Cheng

Wang

Huang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve (the Sanmenxia section) is an important area of the Yellow River for two important hydrologic gauging stations: the Sanmenxia reservoir and the Xiaolangdi reservoir. Seven sites along the section were selected: Jiziling, Dinghuwan, Houdi, Canglonghu, Shangcun, Wangguan, and Nancun. After the microwave digestion with aqua regia, concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Mn in the sediments were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with air-acetylene flame. The results showed that all the concentrations of Cr detected were from the lithogenic source, and 63 % Mn, 48 % Pb, 41 % Cu, 20 % Cd, and 12 % Zn were from the anthropogenic source. The values of the index of geoaccumulation pointed out that there was moderate contamination of Mn at the Dinghuwan (1.04) and Houdi (1.00) sites (class 2), while the modified degree of contamination denoted that the contamination at the Houdi site (2.02) was moderate, nil to very low at the Nancun and Shangcun sites and low at the other sites, consisting with the tendency of pollution load index. For metal toxicity, the sediment pollution index indicated that the sediments of the Canglonghu site were low polluted, that of the Houdi site is nearly slightly contaminated, and those of others were natural and uncontaminated. It was vital to evaluate the degree of contamination with individual and overall elements and even with the metal toxicity. Cu, Pb, and Mn contaminations were aggravated in the Sanmenxia section, and there maybe was one of the main anthropogenic sources of these metals along the Yellow River. The findings were expected to update the current status of the heavy metal pollution in the Sanmenxia section as well as to create awareness concerning the sound condition of the whole reaches of the Yellow River.

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“…In general, the enrichment level can be divided into 5 degrees including deficiency to minimal enrichment (EF<2), moderate enrichment (2 ≤ EF<5), significant enrichment (5 ≤ EF<20), very highly enrichment (20 ≤ EF<40) or extremely enrichment (EF ≥ 40) [30]. Figure 2 shows the enrichment factors of inorganic elements in PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Inorganic Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Exposure and Health Risk to PM2.5 for Urban Cyclists

Qing¹,

Wei²,

Hong³

et al. 2017

J Environ Anal Toxicol

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An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses

Cited by 356 publications

References 24 publications

Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran

Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the sediments from the Yellow River Wetland National Nature Reserve (the Sanmenxia section), China

The Characteristics of Exposure and Health Risk to PM2.5 for Urban Cyclists

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