An assessment of natural radionuclides in water of Langat River estuary, Selangor

Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia

“…In fact, the radioactivity of radionuclides such as U-238, Th-232, and K-40 is very common in water, soil, and rocks [ 17 ]. Hence, it presents a serious threat of radiation to the population if ingested [ 23 ]. However, the amount of radioactivity of radionuclides in the surface water varies among different places in the world because of territorial and atmospheric sources [ 81 ] as well as man-made activities [ 16 ].…”

“…Malaysia has seriously focused on industrial expansion to achieve developed country status by 2020 [ 20 , 21 ]. As a result, the rivers in Malaysia have been found to be severely contaminated with heavy metals [ 22 ] as well as radioactive elements [ 17 , 23 , 24 ]. Rapid mineralization of tin ore from the Main Range Granite is the prime source of the high radioactivity associated with soil in the western region of Peninsular Malaysia [ 2 ].…”

“…Langat River in Selangor state is not only one of the primary local sources of drinking water [ 33 , 34 ], but rivers are in general the primary sources of drinking water in all Malaysia. Studies on natural radionuclides in the Langat River have reported that the radioactivity of some radionuclides in the river such as U-238 (3.85 Bq/L), Th-232 (1.14 Bq/L), K-40 (145.67 Bq/L) [ 23 ], and Ra-226 (0.26 Bq/L) [ 35 ] has exceeded the limit of both the gross alpha 0.1 Bq/L and gross beta 1.0 Bq/L emitters set by the Malaysian standard for raw water quality [ 32 ]. Similarly, are only a few studies on the radioactivity of radionuclides in the drinking water of Malaysia, which were reported safe through ingestion [ 36 ].…”

Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Liver and Muscle Tissues of the Common Sole Fish (Solea solea) Inhabiting Damietta Fishing Harbor, Egypt

“…Water samples were filtered, using 0.45 μm cellulose acetate filter paper using a vacuum pump to obtain dissolved metals (Hamzah et al, 2014). Then, heavy metals concentrations were measured in the obtained samples using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS: Perkin Elmer Analyst 100) using the standard solution of each heavy metal (APHA, 2005).…”

Assessment of heavy metals in seawater and fish tissues at Pulau Indah, Selangor, Malaysia

“…Water samples were then filtered through 0.45 μm cellulose acetate membrane filters using a vacuum filtration. This was done to obtain dissolved metal while avoiding the clogging of spectrometry instrument during analysis [8]. Lastly, filtered water samples were diluted ten times using ultrapure water and were kept at 4 o C prior to analysis [9].…”