critical stability criterion for finite-difference approximation and addressed the issue of resolving hydrodynamic shock as early as 1944 and his more accessible article in the literature was published six years later (2,3) . Under the similar war time security restriction, the spherical blast wave computation by G. I. Taylor was also delayed for public release until 1950 (4) . These pioneering works were performed to meet an urgent engineering need which set a pattern of science and technology development for practical applications.Harlow and his colleagues developed the particle in cell(PIC) method based on a combination Lagrangian-Eulerian description of the fluid motion (5) . The PIC method has showed how well suited it was to study time-dependent and multi-dimensional fluid motion. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through the applications to shock interaction, supersonic wakes, and hypersonic sharp leading-edge flows. This method is still in use today for Magneto-hydrodynamic research. At the same time, Hirt made a lasting contribution to turbulent transport properties simulation by highlighting the numerical challenges and providing guidance for future research (6) . All these accomplishments were accompanied by exhaustive proof in order to illustrate the validity of the approximations and the numerical accuracy. This rigorous process actually established the standards for all future CFD algorithm and numerical procedure research. The detailed derivation of formulations and extensive discussions on computational accuracy and limits of applicability became the accepted standard in CFD research. During that time, all valuable information was largely unknown to the aerospace science community.
ABSTRACTA brief narration on significant accomplishments in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for basic research and aerospace application is attempted to highlight the outstanding achievements by scientists and engineers of this discipline. To traverse such a vast domain, numerous and excellent contributions to CFD will be unintentionally overlooked by the author's limited exposure. Nevertheless it is an ardent hope that the present abridged literature review will aid to reaffirm excellence in research and to identify knowledge shortfalls both in aerodynamics and its modeling and simulation capability. The future modeling and simulation technology needs, as well as potential and fertile research areas, are humbly put forth for consideration.