An assessment of the compression and traction forces of obstetrical forceps

Kelly, John; Sines, George

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)34690-7

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The association between the use of for ceps and birth injuries stimulated the devel opment of instruments to monitor the com pression and traction forces created, espe cially under forceps deliveries [1,3,8]. How ever, these previous methods invariably in volved cumbersome devices with a variety of drawbacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of electronic methods for mea suring the compression and traction forces occurring during assisted deliveries have been described [ 1,3,8], as have several methods for the quantitation of head to cervix pressure during the first stage of labor [9][10][11], Although it is not possible at the present time to obtain a direct measure of fetal intracranial pressure during labor, an analysis of the compression forces acting on the fetal head could theoret ically provide an indirect measure of intracra nial strain. The present report describes a new type of transducer, both practical and robust, which provides reliable information about the development of these compression forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Method for Objective Measurement of Fetal Head Compression during the Second Stage of Labor

Svenningsen¹,

Jensen²

1988

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The article describes a novel method for the objective measurement of compression forces to which the fetal head is exposed during labor. This involves the placement of a transducer, housed in a silicone rubber and brass casing (18 mm diameter, 6.5 mm thick), over the parietal bone area. The compression forces monitored with the transducer in this position provide an estimate of the intracranial pressure. The technique thus not only provides a means of assessing fetal head compression, but also the efficacy of the expulsion efforts of the mother. Pressure recordings taken during the second stage of 24 deliveries revealed a marked variation in the magnitude of the compression forces between the births.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Objective Measurement of Fetal Head Compression during the Second Stage of Labor

Svenningsen¹,

Jensen²

1988

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…[10][11][12][13][14][15] These studies were performed during an era when operative deliveries were more common than today and high and mid forceps deliveries were obstetric state-of-the-art. Principal results from these studies are summarized in Table 1, and include the following:…”

Section: The Fetal Response To Mechanical Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mechanical Aspects of Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury

Allen

2007

Clinical Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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This article presents objective evidence about shoulder dystocia and its associated mechanical injuries, namely clavicle fractures, and brachial plexus injuries. Specifically, the review focuses on the mechanical response of the fetus to forces applied to it or its anatomic components, including possible force thresholds for injury. This is followed by presenting the medical and engineering literature on the mechanical aspects of shoulder dystocia with emphasis on kinematics, the forces associated with labor and with traction forces associated with delivery. Finally, the paper discusses the mechanical characteristics of maternal and fetal maneuvers for shoulder dystocia and demonstrates how shoulder dystocia models can be used to train clinicians in the performance of maneuvers that stress the fetus the least. From a mechanical point of view, there are obstetric methods and training that can be employed to reduce the stresses induced by the fetus while alleviating shoulder dystocia, thereby reducing, but not eliminating, the risk of mechanical injury.

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“…Several studies have been undertaken to quantify the tractive effort to apply during instrumental deliveries. For example, forceps have been equipped with a dynamometer [19], strain gauges [20], [21] and analyzed through theoretical calculations based on the maximum pressure of the amniotic liquid in the second phase of labor [22]. The results were quite varied and inconclusive; the maximum tractive force ranged from 150 to 300 N. In addition, some researchers have attempted to quantify the compressive forces applied to each side of the fetal head by instrumenting a forceps with optical fiber sensors [23].…”

Section: B Instrumented Forcepsmentioning

confidence: 99%