An assessment of the effects of hormones on short term organ cultures of human breast carcinomata

Beeby, Deborah; Easty, G. C.; Gazet, J C; Grigor, Kenneth M.; Neville, A. Munro

doi:10.1038/bjc.1975.66

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Although prolactin is secreted primarily from anterior pituitary, expression in both normal and malignant breast tissue has been reported [9,27,28]. Prolactin removal from nonmalignant breast tissue inhibits the growth of epithelial cells [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between plasma progesterone, estradiol and prolactin concentrations and breast cancer in pre and postmenopausal women

Sn¹,

Atoum²,

Al-Hourani³

et al. 2010

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74Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women after skin cancer and is the second most common cause of death among women after lung cancer. The causes of breast cancer are very complicated. Although about 7% of breast cancers are of genetical background, the rest are due to environmental causes [1]. Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and prolactin are implicated in a number of ways as possible causes of breast cancer. Throughout women life cycle, breast development and function depend on complex critical interplay of these hormones [2]. Many breast cancers are hormone dependent, meaning hormones turn on breast cancer cell growth.Estradiol is considered the most significant breast cancer risk factor because of its direct role in stimulation breast cell division or via its effects on other hormones and due its support of the growth of estrogen-responsive tumors [2]. Although, no study has clearly demonstrated a relationship between breast cancer and estrogen levels in premenopausal women [3]. Women with high estrogen levels were more likely to go on to develop breast cancer [4]. Postmenopausal women with high plasma estrogen levels have twice the risk of developing breast cancer as women with low levels [5].Prolactin hormone is essential for breast development and lactation [6][7][8]. High plasma prolactin levels were associated with a modestly increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer [7,8]. About 95% of breast cancers expressed receptors for prolactin, meaning that they would be responsive to the stimulatory effect of prolactin [9][10][11]. However, in a study by Tworoger et al [12], a non significant positive relationship between prolactin levels and postmenopausal breast cancer was observed. Progesterone stimulates breast development during pregnancy [13]. About 65% of estrogen positive breast Received March 31, 2009Hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and prolactin are implicated in a number of ways as possible causes of breast cancer. Throughout women life cycle, breast development and function depend on complex critical interplay of these hormones. The acknowledged gaps in our understanding concerning progesterone, estrogen and prolactin hormones involvement in human breast cancer has exposed the need to conduct this study for better understanding of the role played by these hormones in breast cancer during pre and post menopause status in order to influence prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Ninety women were enrolled, (80%) of them were breast cancer patients and the other (20%) were breast benign lesion patients. At attending King Hussein Medical Center, blood samples were collected and analyzed for plasma estradiol, prolactin and progesterone. Of the 72 breast cancer patients (66.6% and 33.4%), and of the 18 breast benign patients (27.8% and 72.2%) were in menopause and premenopausal, respectively. Of the breast cancer and benign patients groups, 55.6% of each had an association with either high plasma estradiol, prolactin or progesterone concentrations. Of the brea...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between plasma progesterone, estradiol and prolactin concentrations and breast cancer in pre and postmenopausal women

Sn¹,

Atoum²,

Al-Hourani³

et al. 2010

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“…The results are summarized in the In their publication, Flax et al (1973) Beeby et al (1975) were unable to demonstrate significant effects due to hormones in organ cultures of human breast carcinomata. Our findings concur with these, and indicate that the test for hormone-sensitivity described by Salih et al (1972a, b) is not reproducible in another laboratory.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human breast carcinomata in organ culture: The effect of hormones

Masters¹,

Sangster²,

Smith³

et al. 1976

Br J Cancer

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IT IS CLAIMED that histochemical assessment of pentose-shunt activity of human breast tumours maintained in the presence and absence of hormones can provide a reliable index for response to endocrine therapy (Salih et al., 1972a, b;Flax et al., 1973). After incubation the tissues were quick-frozen and 8 ,t sections were cut from each explant. One set of sections was stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological assessment, and another set was used for the histochemical assessment of pentose-shunt activity. For histochemistry the sections were incubated for 1 h at 37°C under 5 drops of reaction medium in a perspex ring. The reaction medium consisted of glycylglycine buffer (BDH), pH 7-6, dissolved in glass-distilled water, containing 20% w/v polyvinyl alcohol (Bush, Beach and Segner Bayley), 3 mg/ml neotetrazolium chloride (Serva), 1 5 mg/ml glucose-6-phosphate (Boehringer), 2 mg/ml NADP (Boehringer) and 0-1 mg/ml phenazine methosulphate (Sigma). After incubation the sections were washed thoroughly in tap water and mounted in Farrant's medium (Gurr).Three groups of experiments were carried out: Group I. One section was cut from each explant for histochemistry from 8 primary breast tumours, an axillary node metastasis from one of these tumours, 4 other metastases, and 1 specimen of fibrocystic disease. The tissue was quickfrozen using CO2.Group II.-Two sections were cut from each explant for histochemistry from 42 primary and 3 secondary breast tumours, 6 specimens of fibrocystic disease and 1 malignant melanoma liver metastasis. The tissue was quick-frozen using liquid n-hexane (BDH) at -70°C.Group III.-Two pairs of sections

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Dna synthesis of human, mouse, and rat mammary carcinomas in vitro.Influence of insulin and prolactin

Welsch

Iturri

Brennan

1976

Cancer

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Carcinomatous mammary tissues, derived from six spontaneously arising mouse mammary tumors, six DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors, and 26 biopsy specimens of human breast tumors, were processed into slices and each tumor was inidvidually cultured for two days in Medium 199. The influence of bovine insulin (5.0 mug/ml) and ovine prolactin (10.0 mug/ml) on H3-thymidine incorporation into DNA was determined on the cultured tumor slices. Insulin consistenly (p less than 0.05-0.01) increased the incorporation of H3-thymidine into DNA of the organ cultures of mouse, rat, and human mammary carcinoma slices. The stimulatory effect of insulin was quantitatively more prominent in the mouse tumor slices than in the rat or human slices. The addition of prolaction to the insulin-containing culture medium further increased significantly (p less than 0.001) the incorporation of H3-thymidine into DNA of rat mammary carcinoma slices but had no significant effect on cultures of either mouse or human mammary carcinomas. The addition of prolactin to insulin and hydrocortisone-enriched medium containing slices of 20 individually cultured human breast carcinomas did not significantly influence the mean incorporation of H3-thymidine into DNA. However, a very small fraction (approximately equal to 15%) of these human breast carcinomas responded to prolactin by increasing the incorporation of H3-thymidine into DNA to a degree quantitatively comparable to the prolactin-sensitive, DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma. These results suggest that a very small fraction of human breast malignancies may respond to the growth-stimulatory effects of prolactin, but that the vast majority mimic more closely the prolactin-independent mouse mammary carcinoma.

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An assessment of the effects of hormones on short term organ cultures of human breast carcinomata

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Relationship between plasma progesterone, estradiol and prolactin concentrations and breast cancer in pre and postmenopausal women

Relationship between plasma progesterone, estradiol and prolactin concentrations and breast cancer in pre and postmenopausal women

Human breast carcinomata in organ culture: The effect of hormones

Dna synthesis of human, mouse, and rat mammary carcinomas in vitro.Influence of insulin and prolactin

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