2020
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091428
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An Assessment of the Molecular Diversity of Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms of Small Ruminants in Pakistan

Abstract: This study investigated ticks and tick-borne microorganisms of small ruminants from five districts of the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) of Pakistan. Morphological (n = 104) and molecular (n = 54) characterization of the ticks revealed the presence of six ixodid ticks: Rhipicephalus (Rh.) haemaphysaloides, Rh. microplus, Rh. turanicus, Haemaphysalis (Hs.) punctata, Hs. sulcata and Hyalomma anatolicum. Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S and cytochrome c oxida… Show more

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Cited by 28 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…However, this study did not provide information on the prevalence and burden of ticks from various host species. Subsequently, the majority of studies conducted adopted a convenience or opportunistic sampling strategy and/or covered smaller geographical (mostly peri-urban or near veterinary institutions in major metropolitan areas) zones targeting smaller sample sizes to investigate ticks in small ruminants [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, this study did not provide information on the prevalence and burden of ticks from various host species. Subsequently, the majority of studies conducted adopted a convenience or opportunistic sampling strategy and/or covered smaller geographical (mostly peri-urban or near veterinary institutions in major metropolitan areas) zones targeting smaller sample sizes to investigate ticks in small ruminants [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Molecular characterisation and analyses of short regions of genetic material (known as DNA barcode) can provide an alternative approach to species-level identification [ 76 , 78 ]. For this purpose, several nuclear (second internal transcribed spacer) and mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA) markers have been utilised successfully worldwide [ 22 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. During the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has also been successfully used for the identification of ticks [ 73 , 83 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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