An assessment of the relevance of laboratory and motorcycling tests for investigating time of day and sleep deprivation influences on motorcycling performance

Bougard, Clément; Moussay, Sébastien; Davenne, Damien

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.002

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The first is that the increased complexity of driving twowheeled vehicles, including the need to maintain balance, may prolong the drivers' vigilance. This possibility is supported by the results of previous studies in which vigilance was preserved when performing more complex tasks such as driving two-wheeled vehicles compared performing to simple tasks (44,45). The second possibility is that, unlike the drivers of four-wheeled vehicles, the drivers of two-wheeled vehicles are directly exposed to environmental noise, vibrations and other sensations resulting from interaction with the road and driving manipulations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Short Sleep Duration, Snoring and Subjective Sleep Insufficiency Are Independent Factors Associated with both Falling Asleep and Feeling Sleepiness while Driving

Abe¹,

Komada

Inoue

2012

Intern. Med.

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Objective This study of drivers in Tokyo was conducted to clarify the factors related to falling asleep and sleepiness while driving, particularly addressing short sleep duration, loud snoring or apnea witnessed by others and/or subjective sleep insufficiency. Methods This study was conducted as a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. Responses from drivers who visited a driver licensing center in Tokyo were evaluated in relation to socio-demographic variables, sleep-related variables and experiences of falling asleep or feeling sleepiness while driving. The analyses included 4,097 experienced drivers. Results Among the 4,097 drivers, 11.4% had experienced at least one incident of falling asleep while driving during the prior year and 67.6% had some prior experience of feeling sleepiness while driving. Logistic regression analyses revealed that witnessed snoring or apnea, short sleep duration and subjective insufficiency of nocturnal sleep were each independently associated with falling asleep and feeling sleepiness while driving. Subjective sleepiness while driving was associated with a sleep duration of less than six hours. However, falling asleep while driving was associated with a sleep duration of less than seven hours. Conclusion Drivers with a sleep duration shorter than seven hours have a higher risk of falling asleep while driving without experiencing subjective sleepiness. Irrespective of perceived sleep insufficiency, drivers should sleep more than seven hours, and those suspected of having respiratory pauses during sleep should undergo sleep apnea syndrome screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Short Sleep Duration, Snoring and Subjective Sleep Insufficiency Are Independent Factors Associated with both Falling Asleep and Feeling Sleepiness while Driving

Abe¹,

Komada

Inoue

2012

Intern. Med.

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“…It has been confirmed that weariness caused by driving for a long time may intensify the effects of drowsiness, such as prolonged reaction time, whereas weariness itself does not affect the driving capability if the driver has a sufficient sleep time [147]. In the case of motorcyclists, sleep deprivation reduces the difference between the morning and afternoon levels of individual reactivity and deteriorates the testing results from both the periods [148]. The driver's in memory tests: pre-training REM deprivation induced earlier memory deficits, whereas post-training deprivation resulted in the deficits appearing later [136].…”

Section: Therapeutic Applications Of Sleep Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

214

133

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This paper presents the history of research and the results of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation in animals and humans. Humans can bear several days of continuous sleeplessness, experiencing deterioration in wellbeing and effectiveness; however, also a shorter reduction in the sleep time may lead to deteriorated functioning. Sleeplessness accounts for impaired perception, difficulties in keeping concentration, vision disturbances, slower reactions, as well as the appearance of microepisodes of sleep during wakefulness which lead to lower capabilities and efficiency of task performance and to increased number of errors. Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness. The symptoms are accompanied by brain tissue hypometabolism, particularly in the thalamus, prefrontal, frontal and occipital cortex and motor speech centres. Sleep deficiency intensifies muscle tonus and coexisting tremor, speech performance becomes monotonous and unclear, and sensitivity to pain is higher. Sleeplessness also relates to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone in particular. The risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases. The impairment of performance which is caused by 20-25 hours of sleeplessness is comparable to that after ethanol intoxication at the level of 0.10% blood alcohol concentration. The consequences of chronic sleep reduction or a shallow sleep repeated for several days tend to accumulate and resemble the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting several dozen hours. At work, such effects hinder proper performance of many essential tasks and in extreme situations (machine operation or vehicle driving), sleep loss may be hazardous to the worker and his/her environment.

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“…As has been classically reported in other sports, laboratory and field studies have shown improved coordination and outcome in motocross skills later in the day, with a diurnal effect noted [41,42]. Thus, there may be increased risk of injury earlier in the day, although this is not proven.…”

Section: What Are the Risk Factors?mentioning

confidence: 76%

The Epidemiology of Injury in ATV and Motocross Sports

Larson

McIntosh²

2012

Medicine and Sport Science

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Off-road motorsports are popular in rural and suburban areas, and allow for racing, recreation, and easy access to backcountry destinations. This chapter will review the incidence and types of injuries sustained in off-road motorsports. We completed a structured review of motocross and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) injuries, assessing for injury rates, risk factors, and mortality figures. Information for this study was obtained from a PubMed search under the terms 'motocross', 'motorcross', 'all-terrain vehicles', 'injury', 'motorcycle', 'ATV'. Abstracts and articles in the English language from 1980 onward were reviewed. Further statistics were obtained from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission publications. Operating vehicles off-road requires coordination, experience, and training. Motocross is an organized sport with national associations governing the competition of highly trained athletes. ATVs are used both recreationally and commercially, typically for farming and ranching. ATV use appears more dangerous that motocross, with a higher mortality rate, disproportionately for children. Both sports continue to have high rates of head, spinal cord, and extremity injury. Future prospective studies in off-road motorsports should evaluate the risk factors for injury and target specific areas for injury prevention. Improved training programs, use and improvement of safety helmets, and for ATV use, limiting access to minors, may improve the overall safety of off-road motorsports.

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An assessment of the relevance of laboratory and motorcycling tests for investigating time of day and sleep deprivation influences on motorcycling performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Short Sleep Duration, Snoring and Subjective Sleep Insufficiency Are Independent Factors Associated with both Falling Asleep and Feeling Sleepiness while Driving

Short Sleep Duration, Snoring and Subjective Sleep Insufficiency Are Independent Factors Associated with both Falling Asleep and Feeling Sleepiness while Driving

Consequences of sleep deprivation

The Epidemiology of Injury in ATV and Motocross Sports

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