An assessment of the rural consumer food environment in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Mah, Catherine L.; Pomeroy, Stephanie J.; Knox, Bruce; Rynard, Vicki; Caravan, Melissa; Harris, Rebecca; Minaker, Leia M.

doi:10.1080/19320248.2018.1465000

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The convenience stores are even more easily accessible from the participants' workplace than from home. These results are in line with several other studies which have shown that the accessibility to convenience stores and small shops is greater in both urban and rural areas [18,33,[43][44][45][46][47]. As a result, supermarkets and grocery stores are less geographically accessible.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Measuring the Potential and Realized (or Revealed) Spatial Access from Places of Residence and Work to Food Outlets in Rural Communities of Québec, Canada

Robitaille,

Durette,

Dubé

et al. 2024

IJGI

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This study aims to bridge the gap between the potential and realized spatial access to food outlets in rural areas of Québec, Canada. By assessing both aspects, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by rural communities in accessing food resources and the effectiveness of existing interventions in addressing these challenges. A mixed methods approach was adopted to collect and analyze data, combining GIS-based spatial analysis with community-based surveys. The spatial analysis allowed for the quantification of the potential access metrics, while the community surveys provided valuable information on travel behaviors, preferences, and barriers experienced by residents when accessing food outlets. The results of the distance measurement calculations showed that for both the potential and realized distance measurements, convenience stores are more easily accessible than grocery stores and supermarkets. Thus, workers seem to have a strategy for minimizing the impact of long distances by combining work and grocery shopping. These results are measured for the realized accessibility to grocery stores and supermarkets and the principal retailer used. Finally, the results of the analyses show that there is a socio-economic gradient in the potential geographical accessibility from home to the food outlets. The importance of developing and strengthening the local food environment to make it favourable to healthy eating and supportive of food security is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Measuring the Potential and Realized (or Revealed) Spatial Access from Places of Residence and Work to Food Outlets in Rural Communities of Québec, Canada

Robitaille,

Durette,

Dubé

et al. 2024

IJGI

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“…The community retail food environment was frequently assessed within administrative units like census tracts or dissemination areas (38%, n = 27) [ 40 , 41 , 50 , 53 – 55 , 94 – 96 , 108 – 110 , 115 – 129 ], around schools (33%, n = 24) [ 63 – 66 , 68 , 97 – 100 , 102 – 105 , 111 , 112 , 130 – 138 ], around residences (36%, n = 26) [ 58 , 104 , 106 , 113 , 133 , 135 – 137 , 139 – 156 ] and around recreation centres or workplace (3%, n = 2) [ 130 , 140 ]. The consumer retail food environment included in-store (79%, n = 19) [ 49 – 57 , 59 , 62 , 67 , 87 , 90 – 92 , 101 , 114 , 117 ] and restaurant settings (25%, n = 6) [ 53 , 60 , 61 , 107 , 116 , 132 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of articles related to the community retail food environment (72%), buffers were purposely designed by researchers to define the study area, either using straight line (42%, n = 22; i.e., radial buffer) [ 53 , 54 , 64 – 66 , 68 , 97 – 100 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 111 , 112 , 115 , 117 , 130 , 135 – 137 , 150 ] or road network (52%, n = 27) measures [ 58 , 99 , 100 , 103 , 104 , 109 , 116 , 118 , 120 , 121 , 128 , 132 , 134 , 138 – 141 , 143 , 144 , 146 – 149 , 153 – 156 ]. There was no mention on the type of buffers used in 13% of publications ( n = 7) [ 63 , 102 , 114 , 125 , 133 , 151 , 152 ]. Fifteen different sizes of buffers were used, ranging from 200 m to 8 kms around a specific location, with the most popular sizes being 1000 m ( n = 26) [ 53 , 54 , 64 , 65 , 97 – 100 , 104 – 106 , 111 , 112 , 115 , 117 , 118 ,…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021

Vaillancourt,

Ahmed,

Kirk

et al. 2024

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Numerous research methodologies have been used to examine food environments. Existing reviews synthesizing food environment measures have examined a limited number of domains or settings and none have specifically targeted Canada. This rapid review aimed to 1) map research methodologies and measures that have been used to assess food environments; 2) examine what food environment dimensions and equity related-factors have been assessed; and 3) identify research gaps and priorities to guide future research. A systematic search of primary articles evaluating the Canadian food environment in a real-world setting was conducted. Publications in English or French published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1 2010 and June 17 2021 and indexed in Web of Science, CAB Abstracts and Ovid MEDLINE were considered. The search strategy adapted an internationally-adopted food environment monitoring framework covering 7 domains (Food Marketing; Labelling; Prices; Provision; Composition; Retail; and Trade and Investment). The final sample included 220 articles. Overall, Trade and Investment (1%, n = 2), Labelling (7%, n = 15) and, to a lesser extent, Prices (14%, n = 30) were the least studied domains in Canada. Among Provision articles, healthcare (2%, n = 1) settings were underrepresented compared to school (67%, n = 28) and recreation and sport (24%, n = 10) settings, as was the food service industry (14%, n = 6) compared to grocery stores (86%, n = 36) in the Composition domain. The study identified a vast selection of measures employed in Canada overall and within single domains. Equity-related factors were only examined in half of articles (n = 108), mostly related to Retail (n = 81). A number of gaps remain that prevent a holistic and systems-level analysis of food environments in Canada. As Canada continues to implement policies to improve the quality of food environments in order to improve dietary patterns, targeted research to address identified gaps and harmonize methods across studies will help evaluate policy impact over time.

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“…Official government listings are considered a 'gold standard' alternative to researcher ground-truthed data (10) . A detailed description of the dataset has been provided previously (37) . Briefly, the inventory was cleaned and coded by business ownership type and NAICS code in consultation with government and a subsample verified using Google street view.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the potential impact of sample size on rates of diagnostic errors, there is potential for stratification to have affected diagnostic outcomes (10) . Additionally, the government dataset we used as a gold-standard is secondary administrative data; frequency of site visits is tailored to level of food safety risk and in our jurisdiction, food inspection data are ideally reviewed and collected in 3-year cycles (37) . The collection and ground-truthing of these data are constrained by associated limitations in public health service budgets.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a province-wide commercial food store dataset in a heterogeneous predominantly rural food environment

Taylor

Stymest

Mah

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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AbstractObjective:Commercially available business (CAB) datasets for food environments have been investigated for error in large urban contexts and some rural areas, but there is a relative dearth of literature that reports error across regions of variable rurality. The objective of the current study was to assess the validity of a CAB dataset using a government dataset at the provincial scale.Design:A ground-truthed dataset provided by the government of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) was used to assess a popular commercial dataset. Concordance, sensitivity, positive-predictive value (PPV) and geocoding errors were calculated. Measures were stratified by store types and rurality to investigate any association between these variables and database accuracy.Setting:NL, Canada.Participants:The current analysis used store-level (ecological) data.Results:Of 1125 stores, there were 380 stores that existed in both datasets and were considered true-positive stores. The mean positional error between a ground-truthed and test point was 17·72 km. When compared with the provincial dataset of businesses, grocery stores had the greatest agreement, sensitivity = 0·64, PPV = 0·60 and concordance = 0·45. Gas stations had the least agreement, sensitivity = 0·26, PPV = 0·32 and concordance = 0·17. Only 4 % of commercial data points in rural areas matched every criterion examined.Conclusions:The commercial dataset exhibits a low level of agreement with the ground-truthed provincial data. Particularly retailers in rural areas or belonging to the gas station category suffered from misclassification and/or geocoding errors. Taken together, the commercial dataset is differentially representative of the ground-truthed reality based on store-type and rurality/urbanity.

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An assessment of the rural consumer food environment in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Measuring the Potential and Realized (or Revealed) Spatial Access from Places of Residence and Work to Food Outlets in Rural Communities of Québec, Canada

Measuring the Potential and Realized (or Revealed) Spatial Access from Places of Residence and Work to Food Outlets in Rural Communities of Québec, Canada

Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021

Validation of a province-wide commercial food store dataset in a heterogeneous predominantly rural food environment

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