An Assessment of Thermodynamic Models for HFC Refrigerant Mixtures Through the Critical-Point Calculation

Akasaka, Ryo

doi:10.1007/s10765-008-0485-y

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The optimized AAD obtained with a Helmholtz type EOS was 1.13%, whereas that with REFPROP v9.0 was 3.63%. Akasaka [32] gave an assessment of three thermodynamic models through critical point calculations for ternary and quaternary HFC refrigerant mixtures (including R32) based on Helmholtz energy EOS. The deviations of the critical points are within 1%.…”

Section: Thermophysical Properties Of R32 Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refrigerant R32 as lower GWP working fluid in residential air conditioning systems in Europe and the USA

Mota-Babiloni

Navarro-Esbrí

Makhnatch

et al. 2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

114

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Because air conditioning and heat pump systems contribute greatly to greenhouse gas emissions, equipment with both lower global warming potential (GWP) working fluids and a higher level of performance should be used. R32 (difluoromethane) has been proposed to substitute R410A, particularly in residential air conditioning (RAC) systems. This study collected the most relevant and recent researches into R32 as a refrigerant so as to assess its viability in RAC systems in both Europe and the USA, as compared to R410A and other lower GWP RAC alternatives.The R32 value of GWP is 677, which is below the F-gas regulation limit in RAC equipment (750). According to ASHRAE standard 34, R32 is less flammable than hydrocarbons, and the amount of charge permitted for R32 is above the necessary level in RAC equipment. It can be concluded that R32 has significantly good heat transfer characteristics and a level of performance that make it acceptable at low condensing temperatures, thereby avoiding overly high compressor discharge temperatures. Its performance is very similar to that of R410A across the entire operating range, and it is therefore believed that R32 will be utilized in RAC systems in the remaining countries that prioritize lower GWP fluids but are less strict in their security regulations.To replace R410A under extreme conditions, some system modifications can be conducted, or R32 mixtures with hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) can be used. Such mixtures achieve a lower performance than R32, but are acceptable replacements when considering their lower GWP compared to that of R32, and similar level of flammability. Finally, other (R32-based) alternative mixtures have also been developed and their behaviours studied under a wide range of operating conditions.

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Section: Thermophysical Properties Of R32 Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%