An Atlas of Small Parts and Musculoskeletal Ultrasound with Color Flow Imaging

Positron emission tomography in congenital hyperinsulinism

“…High resolution sonography provides all information available with MRI, and more with regards to muscle pathology [9]. The diagnostic feature of a cysticercus granuloma is the presence of an oval or rounded well defined hypoechoic cystic lesion with smooth walls and an eccentric hyperechoic nidus representing the scolex within [1].…”

“…In some series, a high frequency of mental retardation, developmental delay, and non hypoglycemic seizures has been observed. These findings are generally attributed to minimal brain damage from early hypoglycemic events, although the existence of these disorders as inherent comorbid conditions along with congenital hyperinsulinism has not been fully excluded [9]. Some data suggest that patients with early severe disease treated with early, aggressive surgery have a better neurodevelopment outcome [10].…”

Ultrasound of a Cysticercal Cyst in the Brachialis Muscle

“…Colour Doppler imaging may show increased flow in the affected muscle. 16 The second type of sonographic appearance is that of an irregular cyst with very minimal fluid on one side, indicating a leakage of fluid. Eccentric echogenic protrusion from the wall due to the scolex may not be seen within the cyst, possibly due to escape of the scolex outside the cyst, or partial collapse.…”

Trichilemmal cysts of the scrotal wall

“…On ultrasound, the epidermoid cyst will appear as a well‐circumscribed, round or oval hypoechoic lesion. It may have scattered echogenic reflectors with no internal blood flow on colour Doppler . Often, these cysts will have alternating hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings from the layering of keratin.…”