An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor

Jensen, K.; Kim, Kwanpyo; Zettl, A.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.200

Cited by 995 publications

(804 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A lot of effort has been devoted to developing new transduction and background reduction [6]. A variety of NEMS detection techniques, such as capacitive [3,7,8], magnetomotive [9], piezoresistive [10,11] and field-emission [4,12] transduction, have been proposed. The magnetomotive approach typically requires large magnetic fields (2-8 T) and is thus not suitable for integrated applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection

et al. 2010

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We report an actuation/detection scheme with a top-down nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) for frequency shift based sensing applications with outstanding performance. It relies on electrostatic actuation and piezoresistive nanowire gauges for in-plane motion transduction. The process fabrication is fully CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) compatible. The results show a very large dynamic range of more than 100 dB and an unprecedented signal to background ratio of 69 dB providing an improvement of two orders of magnitude in the detection efficiency presented in the state of the art in NEMS fields. Such a dynamic range results from both negligible 1/ f noise and very low Johnson noise compared to the thermomechanical noise. This simple low power detection scheme paves the way for new class of robust mass resonant sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection

et al. 2010

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“…The subsequent emergence of nanomechanical oscillators and evolutions in readout techniques [2][3][4] lead to impressive improvements in force sensitivity [5], enabling detection of collective spin dynamics [6][7][8], single electron spin [9], mass sensing of atoms [10,11] or inertial sensing [12]. Attractive perspectives arise too when nanoresonators are hybridized to single quantum systems, such as molecular magnets [13], spin or solid states qubits [14][15][16][17].…”

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confidence: 99%

A universal and ultrasensitive vectorial nanomechanical sensor for imaging 2D force fields

et al. 2016

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Miniaturization of force probes into nanomechanical oscillators enables ultrasensitive investigations of forces on dimensions smaller than their characteristic length scale. Meanwhile it also unravels the force field vectorial character and how its topology impacts the measurement. Here we expose an ultrasensitive method to image 2D vectorial force fields by optomechanically following the bidimensional Brownian motion of a singly clamped nanowire. This novel approach relies on angular and spectral tomography of its quasi frequency-degenerated transverse mechanical polarizations: immersing the nanoresonator in a vectorial force field does not only shift its eigenfrequencies but also rotate eigenmodes orientation as a nano-compass. This universal method is employed to map a tunable electrostatic force field whose spatial gradients can even take precedence over the intrinsic nanowire properties. Enabling vectorial force fields imaging with demonstrated sensitivities of attonewton variations over the nanoprobe Brownian trajectory will have strong impact on scientific exploration at the nanoscale.Introduction-Nanosciences were revolutionized by the invention of atomic force microscopy [1] which enabled first perceptions of the nanoworld, by measuring proximity forces exerted by a sample on a micromechanical oscillator. The subsequent emergence of nanomechanical oscillators and evolutions in readout techniques [2][3][4] lead to impressive improvements in force sensitivity [5], enabling detection of collective spin dynamics [6][7][8], single electron spin [9], mass sensing of atoms [10,11] or inertial sensing [12]. Attractive perspectives arise too when nanoresonators are hybridized to single quantum systems, such as molecular magnets [13], spin or solid states qubits [14][15][16][17]. This reduction of the probe size naturally motivates the exploration of force fields on dimensions smaller than their characteristic length scale where a great physical richness is expected, in particular for nanoscale imaging or investigations of fundamental interactions such as proximity forces or near field couplings. In this situation, measurements are performed in presence of strong force field gradients whose vectorial structure becomes crucially relevant and should be fully accounted to describe the measurement process itself [18].

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“…We also tested the accuracy of our semi-analytical method in the high frequency range by simulating the atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor introduced in [31]: the idea is to use a nanomechanical resonator as a high preci- Figure 9: Plot of the time step size (red curve with circles) and the total runtime (blue curve with squares) as a function of the L 2 relative error after a 2ns water simulation (left) and a 10ns protein folding simulation (right). All computations were carried out using a single thread.…”

Section: Fullerenes and Nanotubes: Bond Order Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A semi-analytical approach to molecular dynamics

Michels

Desbrun

2015

Journal of Computational Physics

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Despite numerous computational advances over the last few decades, molecular dynamics still favors explicit (and thus easily-parallelizable) time integrators for large scale numerical simulation. As a consequence, computational efficiency in solving its typically stiff oscillatory equations of motion is hampered by stringent stability requirements on the time step size. In this paper, we present a semianalytical integration scheme that offers a total speedup of a factor 30 compared to the Verlet method on typical MD simulation by allowing over three orders of magnitude larger step sizes. By efficiently approximating the exact integration of the strong (harmonic) forces of covalent bonds through matrix functions, far improved stability with respect to time step size is achieved without sacrificing the explicit, symplectic, time-reversible, or fine-grained parallelizable nature of the integration scheme. We demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our integrator on simulations ranging from DNA strand unbinding and protein folding to nanotube resonators.

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An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor

Abstract: Nanomechanical resonators function as precision mass sensors because their resonant frequency, which is related to their mass, shifts when a particle adsorbs to the

Cited by 995 publications

References 30 publications

In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection

In-plane nanoelectromechanical resonators based on silicon nanowire piezoresistive detection

A universal and ultrasensitive vectorial nanomechanical sensor for imaging 2D force fields

A semi-analytical approach to molecular dynamics

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