An attempt to classify the morphologies presented by different rust phases formed during the exposure of carbon steel to marine atmospheres

Alcántara, J.; Chico, Belén; Simancas, J.; Díaz, Iván; Fuente, Daniel de la; Morcillo, M.

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2016.04.027

Cited by 141 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Near the mild steel surface broken glass type [3], flowery and worm nest shapes dominate, in parallel with the gradual growth of miscellaneous laminar volumes of lepidocrocite formed radially outward from the metal surface. This particular formation is also described by many as cotton balls [3] and defined as crystalline phases due to the aggregation of flat grains of lepidocrocite grown on top of amorphous γ-Fe2O3•H2O [46], [48]. The EDS analysis of Figure 3b discloses enhanced oxygen value concentration compared to that of the Steel-blank sample due to the creation of the aforementioned iron oxides (Table 3).…”

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Taking into account the EDS analysis, the iron value concentration was measured to be approximately 92.9 wt %, while the corresponding oxygen value was estimated very low, roughly 0.1 wt % indicating the absence of iron oxide products (Table 3). In general, the surface characterization of mild steel corrosion products remains a quite demanding issue, as denoted by previous works [46]. Various image analyzing techniques were deployed in order to assess the mild steel surface relating to its corrosion products structure and behavior after immersion in the studied inhibitor solutions.…”

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned before, these agglomerations are attributed to lepidocrocite, maghemite, and precursors of green rust (as magnetite) created in NaCl solution [15] and are not yet removed, due to the prolonged exposure process [3,63] (Figure 8a,b). Furthermore, miscellaneous laminas accreting in thorny three-dimensional structures [3] resemble hematite and goethite (sharper, more acicular) α phases with small aggregates of more globular lepidocrocite (or/and maghemite), which are precipitated during the submission together with tertiary phosphates [46,60,64] ( Figure 8c,d). As mentioned before, cracks with diameters of a few micrometers are considered to be due to the drying stage ( Figure 8b).…”

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

et al. 2019

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Mild or low-carbon steel has an increasing utilization and is widely used for building construction, machinery parts, and pipelines, because it can be machined easily and has enhanced weldability as well as a low price. In any case, the corrosion resistance of mild steel under the conditions in industrial applications or in atmosphere is a thoughtful concern. This study inquires into the application of 2-mecraptobenzothiazole (MBT) and Na2HPO4 as corrosion inhibitors for the protection of API 5L X42 pipeline steel in 3.5 wt % NaCl as well as in water from the Athens city supply system. The electrochemical/morphological characterizations of the aforementioned mild steel proved that the corrosion protection mechanisms can be assigned to the protective layers created onto the metal surface because of the presence of the inhibitors, which prevent chloride’s penetration. The synergistic effect of the MBT and Na2HPO4 corrosion inhibition behavior, in a molar ratio of 1:1, revealed that the additives performed effectively with corrosion inhibition efficiency above 90%.

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Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

et al. 2019

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“…Without seeking to be exhaustive, there follows a tentative classification of the different types of morphology observed by the authors in the rust formed on steel exposed to marine atmospheres [137]: Globular: hemispheric-shaped aggregated formations like small mounds.Acicular: aggregates with a similar appearance to needles, hairs, or threads.Laminar: this can appear in a wide range of different formations in which laminas grow perpendicularly to the surface: bar shape, worm nest shape, bird’s nest shape, flower petal shape, feather shape, etc.Tubular: formations in which the crystalline aggregates are constituted by prisms, tubes, or rods, etc.ToroidalGeode-type: unusual or singular oolitic or globular morphology constituted by fish-egg-like spherical formations.…”

Section: Atmospheric Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Review

Alcántara¹,

Fuente²,

Chico³

et al. 2017

Materials

260

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The atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel is an extensive topic that has been studied over the years by many researchers. However, until relatively recently, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the action of marine chlorides. Corrosion in coastal regions is a particularly relevant issue due the latter’s great importance to human society. About half of the world’s population lives in coastal regions and the industrialisation of developing countries tends to concentrate production plants close to the sea. Until the start of the 21st century, research on the basic mechanisms of rust formation in Cl−-rich atmospheres was limited to just a small number of studies. However, in recent years, scientific understanding of marine atmospheric corrosion has advanced greatly, and in the authors’ opinion a sufficient body of knowledge has been built up in published scientific papers to warrant an up-to-date review of the current state-of-the-art and to assess what issues still need to be addressed. That is the purpose of the present review. After a preliminary section devoted to basic concepts on atmospheric corrosion, the marine atmosphere, and experimentation on marine atmospheric corrosion, the paper addresses key aspects such as the most significant corrosion products, the characteristics of the rust layers formed, and the mechanisms of steel corrosion in marine atmospheres. Special attention is then paid to important matters such as coastal-industrial atmospheres and long-term behaviour of carbon steel exposed to marine atmospheres. The work ends with a section dedicated to issues pending, noting a series of questions in relation with which greater research efforts would seem to be necessary.

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“…In each case the sample was split into two and mounted for analysis of the outermost and innermost surfaces. In the ALWC sample the 54 Scale bar 25 μm profiles show significant concentrations of Mg and Cl throughout, derived from drying of initially seawater-wet samples, and trace levels of N related to the presence of biofilm material. Iron is more or less constant in concentration throughout the sputtering of the outer surface ( Fig.…”

Section: Corrosion Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated low water corrosion: the microbial sulfur cycle in microcosm

et al. 2019

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Accelerated low water corrosion is a form of marine steel corrosion caused by bacterial activity. It has a global spread and is potentially responsible for billions of pounds of damage. We have determined in detail both the chemistry of corrosion products and the associated microbiology at a UK site. The corrosion products form a layered structure with iron sulfides at the steel surface and iron oxides and sulfates in contact with water. The iron sulfides are formed by reaction of steel with hydrogen sulfide formed by sulfate-reducing bacteria and are oxidised through a series of sulfur oxidation states by sulfide-oxidising bacteria, forming acid at all stages and encompassing the whole of the bacterial sulfur cycle. The bacteria involved are endemic in anoxic bed sediment, and the process is a response to the presence of steel as an electron donor, and the generation of anoxic microenvironments within corrosion products.

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An attempt to classify the morphologies presented by different rust phases formed during the exposure of carbon steel to marine atmospheres

Cited by 141 publications

References 36 publications

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

Comparative Study on the Corrosion Inhibitive Effect of 2-Mecraptobenzothiazole and Na2HPO4 on Industrial Conveying API 5L X42 Pipeline Steel

Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Review

Accelerated low water corrosion: the microbial sulfur cycle in microcosm

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