An Attempt to Develop a Model of Brain Waves Using Quantitative Electroencephalography with Closed Eyes in K1 Kickboxing Athletes—Initial Concept

Abstract

Background: Brain injuries are a common problem in combat sports, especially in disciplines such as kickboxing. Kickboxing is a combat sport that has several variations of competition, with the most contact-oriented fights being carried out under the format of K-1 rules. While these sports require a high level of skill and physical endurance, frequent micro-traumas to the brain can have serious consequences for the health and well-being of athletes. According to studies, combat sports are one of the riskiest sports in terms of brain injuries. Among the sports disciplines with the highest number of brain injuries, boxing, mixed martial arts (MMA), and kickboxing are mentioned. Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 18 K-1 kickboxing athletes who demonstrate a high level of sports performance. The subjects were between the ages 18 and 28. QEEG (quantitative electroencephalogram) is a numeric spectral analysis of the EEG record, where the data is digitally coded and statistically analysed using the Fourier transform algorithm. Each examination of one person lasts about 10 min with closed eyes. The wave amplitude and power for specific frequencies (Delta, Theta, Alpha, Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR), Beta 1, and Beta2) were analysed using 9 leads. Results: High values were shown in the Alpha frequency for central leads, SMR in the Frontal 4 (F4 lead), Beta 1 in leads F4 and Parietal 3 (P3), and Beta2 in all leads. Conclusions: The high activity of brainwaves such as SMR, Beta and Alpha can have a negative effect on the athletic performance of kickboxing athletes by affecting focus, stress, anxiety, and concentration. Therefore, it is important for athletes to monitor their brainwave activity and use appropriate training strategies to achieve optimal results.

Preliminary Development of a Brainwave Model for K1 Kickboxers Using Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) with Open Eyes

“…The use of this technology in sports is becoming of increasing interest [35]. Analysis within the context of kickboxing can be conducted in a simplified form using nine electrodes placed on the areas most vulnerable to impact [36,37].…”

The Use of Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG) to Assess Post-COVID-19 Concentration Disorders in Professional Pilots: An Initial Concept

“…Accurate analysis of QEEG results enables planning of the appropriate EEG biofeedback therapy [ 17 ], which is an effective method for reducing stress and supporting self-regulation [ 18 , 19 ]. Compared to conventional EEG, the QEEG method provides a more accurate assessment of brain function, making it useful for identifying minimal changes in brain wave activity [ 20 ]. In the present study, we decided to use QEEG to evaluate the quantitative distribution of brain waves after COVID-19 in professional pilots complaining of concentration problems and discomfort after coronavirus infection.…”