An Attributional Analysis of Gender and Cancer-Related Stigma

Mosher, Catherine E.; Danoff–Burg, Sharon

doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9487-2

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…When evaluating the gender of the participant, male participants demonstrated the highest stigma levels across illness groups. Data are limited for evaluating gender differences in chronic illness enacted stigma, however, a 2008 study by Mosher et al 55 found that there were no gender differences in stigma toward cancer patients, including in levels of control over their condition. Conversely, in a study of obesity, men are more likely to attribute obesity to a lack of willpower and reported greater dislike of obese individuals, and hold a greater overall weight bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmatization toward irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in an online cohort

Taft

Bedell

Naftaly

et al. 2016

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Stigma is associated with many negative health outcomes. Research has examined perceived and internalized stigma in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but less has been done to evaluate levels of enacted stigma associated with these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of enacted stigma toward IBS and IBD in the general population compared to an adult-onset asthma (AOA) control group. Methods Participants were recruited via social media and a research-dedicated website and completed all measures online. Participants were randomized to one of six clinical vignettes: (i) IBD male, (ii) IBD female, (iii) IBS male, (iv) IBS female, (v) AOA male, or (vi) AOA female. Participants read the assigned vignette and then completed measures of emotional empathy, level of familiarity, and enacted stigma. Key Results Participants reported higher levels of enacted stigma toward IBS compared to both IBD and AOA. No differences in stigma were found between IBD and AOA. Higher levels of familiarity were most strongly correlated with reduced IBD-related stigma, with weaker but still significant correlations between level of familiarity and IBS and AOA. Higher levels of emotional empathy were associated with reduced stigma for IBD, IBS, and AOA. Conclusions & Inferences Individuals with IBS experience greater levels of enacted stigma compared to IBD and AOA. This finding is consistent with previous research that has shown greater levels of perceived and internalized stigma in IBS compared to IBD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmatization toward irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in an online cohort

Taft

Bedell

Naftaly

et al. 2016

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…However, this connection and public perceptions of smoking as a behavioral 'choice' may also foster an unintended consequence, namely stigma against lung cancer patients [5][6][7]. Lung cancer patients with a smoking history (or who are assumed to have a smoking history) may be seen as responsible for and even deserving of this devastating illness [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma among patients with lung cancer: a patient-reported measurement model

et al. 2013

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Objective Although stigma may have negative psychosocial and behavioral outcomes for patients with lung cancer, its measurement has been limited. A conceptual model of lung cancer stigma and a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure is needed to mitigate these sequelae. This study identified key stigma-related themes to provide a blueprint for item development through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with lung cancer patients. Methods Participants were recruited from two outpatient oncology clinics and included: a) 42 lung cancer patients who participated in individual interviews and, b) 5 focus groups (inclusive of 23 new lung cancer patients). Never smokers, long-term quitters, recent quitters, and current smokers participated. Individual interviews facilitated theme development and a conceptual model of lung cancer stigma, whereas subsequent focus groups provided feedback on the conceptual model. Qualitative data analyses included iterative coding and validation with existing theory. Results Two main thematic elements emerged from interviews with lung cancer patients: perceived (felt) stigma and internalized (self) stigma. Discussions of perceived stigma were pervasive, while internalized stigma was more commonly endorsed among current and recently quit smokers. Participants also discussed maladaptive (e.g., decreased disclosure) and adaptive (e.g., increased advocacy) stigma-related consequences. Conclusions Results indicate widespread acknowledgment of perceived stigma among lung cancer patients, but varying degrees of internalized stigma and associated consequences. Next steps for PRO measure development are item consolidation, item development, expert input, and cognitive interviews before field testing and psychometric analysis. Future work should address stigma-related consequences and interventions for reducing lung cancer stigma.

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“…Emotional reactions to cancer patients were recently found to be affected by an interaction between participant and target sex (Mosher and Danoff-Burg, 2008); men exposed to male targets expressed greater anger than men exposed to female targets. Similarly, observers, especially men, expressed greater pity toward female targets with physical pain than male targets (Dijker, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes toward people with disabilities caused by illness or injury

Shiloh¹,

Heruti²,

Berkovitz

2011

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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This study examined differences in attitudes toward and reactions to individuals with comparable disabilities caused by injury or illness. Participants were students and healthcare professionals randomly assigned to read one of eight vignettes constructed in a between-subjects, full-factorial design: 2 (illness/injury)× 2 (male/female)× 2 (visible/not visible). Participants completed questionnaires measuring reactions to the target person and attitudes toward people with disabilities. We found that both students and healthcare professionals expressed more positive attitudes toward persons with injury-related compared with illness-related disabilities, but that these differences were typically not expressed in reported social encounters with individual disabled persons. The effects of the illness-injury distinction were moderated by sex only among students, with the highest distancing reported from a female with an illness-related disability. Visibility of the disability triggered more social distancing among students, regardless of the injury-illness distinction. We concluded that the illness-injury distinction is a socially and psychologically significant factor.

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An Attributional Analysis of Gender and Cancer-Related Stigma

Cited by 19 publications

References 60 publications

Stigmatization toward irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in an online cohort

Stigmatization toward irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in an online cohort

Stigma among patients with lung cancer: a patient-reported measurement model

Attitudes toward people with disabilities caused by illness or injury

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