An Atypical Neuropsychological Profile of a Korsakoff Syndrome Patient throughout the Follow-Up

Noël, Xavier; Schmidt, Nicolás; Linden, Martial Van der; Sferrazza, Rita; Hanak, Catherine; Mol, Johan De; Kornreich, Charles; Pelc, Isy; Verbanck, Paul

doi:10.1159/000050787

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Executive functions are often impaired in KS, likely reflecting frontal system dysfunction associated with KS and chronic alcoholism in general (Brand et al, 2005; Brokate et al, 2003; Jacobson et al, 1990; Kopelman, 1995b; Noel et al, 2001; Oscar-Berman et al, 2004; Shimamura et al, 1988). Frontal lobe dysfunction in KS amnesia can affect component processes such as attention, working memory, retrieval strategies, and organization, all of which can play a role in anterograde episodic memory function or even masquerade as an anterograde episodic memory deficit itself (Oscar-Berman, 2012).…”

Section: Cognitive Correlates Of Anterograde Memory Processes In Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterograde Episodic Memory in Korsakoff Syndrome

2012

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A profound anterograde memory deficit for information, regardless of the nature of the material, is the hallmark of Korsakoff syndrome, an amnesic condition resulting from severe thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. Since the late nineteenth century when the Russian physician, S. S. Korsakoff, initially described this syndrome associated with “polyneuropathy,” the observed global amnesia has been a primary focus of neuroscience and neuropsychology. In this review we highlight the historical studies that examined anterograde episodic memory processes in KS, present a timeline and evidence supporting the myriad theories proffered to account for this memory dysfunction, and summarize what is known about the neuroanatomical correlates and neural systems presumed affected in KS. Rigorous study of KS amnesia and associated memory disorders of other etiologies provide evidence for distinct mnemonic component processes and neural networks imperative for normal declarative and nondeclarative memory abilities and for mnemonic processes spared in KS, from whence emerged the appreciation that memory is not a unitary function. Debate continues regarding the qualitative and quantitative differences between KS and other amnesias and what brain regions and neural pathways are necessary and sufficient to produce KS amnesia.

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Section: Cognitive Correlates Of Anterograde Memory Processes In Ksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterograde Episodic Memory in Korsakoff Syndrome

2012

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“…The Hayling task has frequently been used to explore inhibition abilities in various psychopathological and neuropsychological conditions such as schizophrenia (Marczewski et al, 2001), alcoholism (Noël et al, 2001), Tourette's syndrome (Channon et al, 2004), focal frontal lesions (Burgess & Shallice, 1996;Andrés & Van der Linden, 2001), Alzheimer's disease (Collette et al, 1999), and Parkinson's disease (Bouquet et al, 2003). In addition, it has been shown that inhibition deficits, as assessed by the Hayling task, are related to problems maintaining short-term abstinence from alcohol (Noël et al, 2002) and to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia (Waters et al, 2003). However, besides response inhibition abilities, it appears the Hayling task also requires the ability to strategically generate nonstereotypical responses; these two capacities stand in a necessary reciprocal causal relationship and are therefore difficult to distinguish (Burgess & Shallice, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder using the Hayling task

Linden

Ceschi

Zermatten

et al. 2005

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

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This study investigates response inhibition deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by using the Hayling task. Sixteen OCD washers, 16 OCD checkers, 16 social phobic patients and 16 nonanxious controls were asked to complete sentences with either the expected word (section A: "initiation") or an unrelated word (section B: "inhibition"). The groups did not differ in terms of section B minus section A latencies. However, OCD washers and checkers made significantly more errors (sentence-related responses) in section B than social phobic patients and controls. In the OCD patients, the frequency of these errors correlates with the total OCD severity score and the compulsion subscore, but not with the depression and anxiety scores. These findings suggest that OCD patients might present a specific deficit affecting the inhibition of a prepotent response.

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“…Impairments in executive cognitive performance related to dysfunction of the frontal lobes have been well documented in chronic heavy drinkers and alcoholics (Cargiulo, 2007;Kokavec & Crowe, 1999;Lyvers, 2000;Noel et al, 2001;Sullivan, Rosenbloom & Pfefferbaum, 2000). Although alcoholics have been shown as a group to exhibit impaired executive cognitive functioning compared to non-alcoholic controls, such results do not necessarily tell us whether the deficits preceded the alcoholism or whether all such deficits emerged as a result of chronic exposure to neurotoxic effects of alcohol.…”

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confidence: 99%