An Auction-Based Incentive Mechanism for Non-Altruistic Cooperative ARQ via Spectrum-Leasing

Abstract

Abstract-We propose and analyze a novel decentralized mechanism that motivates otherwise non-cooperative stations to participate as relays in cooperative ARQ protocol. Cooperation incentive is provided by the possibility for the source to lease a portion of retransmission slot for the traffic of relaying terminals. To further leverage the opportunistic nature of cooperative ARQ and obtain a fully decentralized solution, the (motivated) relaying nodes compete for access to the retransmission slot by trying to make the best retransmission offer. Effective arbitration of cooperative retransmissions is performed using auction theory (bidding), with the source in the role of the auctioneer, the relaying nodes acting as the bidders and the (use of the) retransmission slot as the bidding article. It is noted that the proposed solution can be seen as a practical framework for the implementation of cognitive radio networks running according to the property-rights model (spectrum leasing). Numerical results and analysis confirm the efficient dynamic resource allocation property of the proposed scheme, revealing the relevant gains in terms of expected number of (re)transmissions required for successful data delivery for both the source (primary) and the cooperating (secondary) nodes.

Analysis of Dynamic Spectrum Leasing for Coded Bi-Directional Communication

“…The existing literature on dynamic spectrum leasing can be characterized into three main types; 1) in which the incentive for leasing is based on monetary rewards, [12]- [13], 2) where leasing is allowed as long as the interference from the CRs is below an 'interference cap' [14]- [15], 3) where the incentive for leasing is based on service rewards [5], [8], [16], which is the model on which this study is based. For the first two types, numerous literary contributions exist, however, its survey is out of the scope of this paper.…”

“…Our focus is based on the third framework which was first explored by [5] where an analytical study of service based DSL for one way communication is provided and cooperative diversity of the secondary relays has been exploited. In [8] the same framework is carried forward and applied in an ARQ based model where a portion of the retransmission slot is leased by the legacy network to the relays for their traffic in exchange for cooperative retransmission by the relays. In [16], the authors consider an infrastructured hierarchical spectrum leasing approach.…”

“…3) In order to ensure fairness and mutual satisfaction, it is important to divide the leasing time in a way that both primary and CRs agree to their respective share of time for spectral access. In previous studies [5], [8], this division has been influenced more by the decision of the primary network that needs to be aware of the channel state information (CSI) of the secondary network to make the decision. The secondary network needs to observe the primary action and only decides in reaction to primary decision.…”

Cooperation and coordination in cognitive networks with packet retransmission

“…Our protocol effectively selects the slots to be left unused by the primary source based only on locally available information, without requiring any coordination message with the secondary node (unlike [10]). The aim is to minimize the performance loss at the primary source due to bandwidth reduction, and to get the most from secondary source cooperation.…”

“…We refer to this approach as coordinated. The proposed scheme is similar to [10] but, unlike the latter, herein the decision to relinquish transmission opportunities to the secondary nodes is performed by using only locally available information at the primary user by leveraging channel memory, i.e., no explicit message exchange is needed between primary and secondary nodes.…”