The global figures for annual plastic production have increased by 2.5% during the 2018/19 period, with packaging sector being the largest consumer of this product. These figures reflect that plastics are part of our daily life, providing comfort to our way of life.Likewise, and due to an inadequate management of plastic waste, a slow degradation rate and an uncontrolled use of plastic by general consumers, it has become one of the main environmental problems, aggravated by their degradation into microparticles, known as microplastics (MP).MP refer to plastics with a size smaller than 5 mm; being able to be classified in primary MP, intentionally released with that size, and secondary MP, coming from a continuous fragmentation of bigger plastics. These emerging pollutants have been isolated in different environments, and they accumulate through the food web, posing physical and toxicological problems.Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), defined as a set of physical, biological and chemical processes, in charge of achieving a high quality effluent, have been considered a source and sink of MP; the concentration and characterization of these in wastewater being investigated, especially in recent years. This PhD analyzes the presence and evolution of microplastics in the WWTP "Cabezo Beaza", "Águilas", "Mar Menor Sur" and "La Aljorra" WWTPs, located in the Region of Murcia (Spain). It also aims to add knowledge about the removal efficiency of MP by different sewage treatment technologies. Wastewater samples were vacuum filtered and, when required, previously treated with a salt-saturated NaCl solution.Identification was carried out with a trinocular stereomicroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.