An augmented supermatrix phylogeny of the avian family Picidae reveals uncertainty deep in the family tree

Dufort, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.025

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…After all these considerations, we collected data from 697 recordings from 164 species, representing an average of 4.7 ± 2.6 (mean ± 1 σ ) individuals per species that each produced an average of 3.4 ± 1.8 drums. From this collection, we also had to remove another 42 species from all analyses, because they were not included in our literature-derived phylogeny due to a lack of sequencing data [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we examine how constraint and sexual selection interactively shape animal displays by studying the macroevolutionary patterning of drumming behaviour in woodpeckers (Aves: Picidae), a widespread family of approximately 230 species [ 22 ]. Woodpeckers exhibit a wide range of body sizes, encompassing a 100-fold increase in size from the smallest to largest species ( figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Cladogram of the woodpeckers (family: Picidae) from Dufort et al . [ 22 ]. At the tips, longer bars indicate species with longer drums.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroevolutionary patterning of woodpecker drums reveals how sexual selection elaborates signals under constraint

Miles¹,

Schuppe²,

Ligon³

et al. 2018

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Sexual selection drives elaboration in animal displays used for competition and courtship, but this process is opposed by morphological constraints on signal design. How do interactions between selection and constraint shape display evolution? One possibility is that sexual selection continues exaggeration under constraint by operating differentially on each signal component in complex, modular displays. This is seldom studied on a phylogenetic scale, but we address the issue herein by studying macroevolutionary patterning of woodpecker drum displays. These territorial displays are produced when an individual rapidly hits its bill on a hard surface, and drums vary across species in the number of beats included (length) and the rate of drumbeat production (speed). We report that species body size limits drum speed, but not drum length. As a result of this biomechanical constraint, there is less standing variation in speed than length. We also uncover a positive relationship between sexual size dimorphism and the unconstrained trait (length), but with no effect on speed. This suggests that when morphology limits the exaggeration of one component, sexual selection instead exaggerates the unconstrained trait. Modular displays therefore provide the basis for selection to find novel routes to phenotypic elaboration after previous ones are closed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroevolutionary patterning of woodpecker drums reveals how sexual selection elaborates signals under constraint

Miles¹,

Schuppe²,

Ligon³

et al. 2018

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Cytochrome b and βfibrinogen intron 5 were sequenced from 64 samples we collected in the field, two samples from Mozambique, obtained from the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), and one sample from Mafia Island, Tanzania, obtained from ZMUC. We chose β-fibrinogen intron 5 because it has been shown to be informative in several avian phylogenetics studies (e.g., Klicka et al, 2014), including in Piciformes (Dufort, 2016;Fuchs & Pons, 2015). Rates of evolution of nuclear genes may vary from those of mtDNA, and we included a nuclear intron because of their slower evolution rate relative to mtDNA (Johnson & Clayton, 2000;Prychitko & Moore, 1997, 2000, they are adaptively neutral due to high substitution rates, with frequent occurrence of indels (insertions and deletions), and they have a lower transition/transversion ratio, with lower homoplasy than mtDNA (Prychitko & Moore, 2000).…”

Section: Genetic Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid song divergence leads to discordance between genetic distance and phenotypic characters important in reproductive isolation

Nwankwo

Pallari

Hadjioannou

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The criteria for species delimitation in birds have long been debated, and several recent studies have proposed new methods for such delimitation. On one side, there is a large consensus of investigators who believe that the only evidence that can be used to delimit species is molecular phylogenetics, and with increasing numbers of markers to gain better support, whereas on the other, there are investigators adopting alternative approaches based largely on phenotypic differences, including in morphology and communication signals. Yet, these methods have little to say about rapid differentiation in specific traits shown to be important in reproductive isolation. Here, we examine variation in phenotypic (morphology, plumage, and song) and genotypic (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA) traits among populations of yellow‐rumped tinkerbird Pogoniulus bilineatus in East Africa. Strikingly, song divergence between the P. b. fischeri subspecies from Kenya and Zanzibar and P. b. bilineatus from Tanzania is discordant with genetic distance, having occurred over a short time frame, and playback experiments show that adjacent populations of P. b. bilineatus and P. b. fischeri do not recognize one another's songs. While such rapid divergence might suggest a founder effect following invasion of Zanzibar, molecular evidence suggests otherwise, with insular P. b. fischeri nested within mainland P. b. fischeri. Populations from the Eastern Arc Mountains are genetically more distant, yet share the same song with P. b. bilineatus from Coastal Tanzania and Southern Africa, suggesting they would interbreed. We believe investigators ought to examine potentially rapid divergence in traits important in species recognition and sexual selection when delimiting species, rather than relying entirely on arbitrary quantitative characters or molecular markers.

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“…In the case of the woodpeckers (Picidae), molecular analyses have clarified the evolutionary history of the group, including species‐level differentiation (Moore & De Filippis, ; Prychitko & Moore, ; Webb & Moore, ; Benz et al., ; Fuchs, Ohlson, Ericson, & Pasquet, ; Benz & Robbins, ; Fuchs et al., ; Winkler, Gamauf, Nittinger, & Haring, ; Fuchs & Pons, ). In some groups of birds, however, taxonomic uncertainties persist due to the inconsistencies between morphological and molecular traits, which hamper the understanding of the historical processes underlying the diversification of the bird fauna (Campagna, Gronau, Silveira, Siepel, & Lovette, ; Dufort, ). The lack of reciprocal monophyly in molecular markers in many taxa with distinct phenotypes (plumage and morphology) highlights the complexities of the different approaches, and the uncertainties encountered for the definition of species (Campagna et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and plumage analyses indicate the incomplete separation of two woodpeckers (Aves, Picidae)

et al. 2018

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We evaluated the relationship between Celeus undatus and Celeus grammicus, with the objective of clarifying their evolutionary history. We analysed fragments of the mitochondrial and nuclear genes of 57 specimens. For comparative purposes, we inspected the plumage patterns of 77 skins. Our findings highlight the absence of reciprocal monophyly between the two taxa, given their reduced genetic divergence, and the lack of any clear separation of the two forms in the haplotype networks. A similar situation was found in the STRUCTURE analysis, with reciprocal contributions from the two taxa to the respective clusters, indicating that C. grammicus and C. undatus cannot be differentiated using the molecular markers. Corroborating the genetic data, our plumage analyses also failed to find any clear diagnostic characters between the polytypic C. undatus and C. grammicus, as they are defined at present. The genetic profile is consistent with either extensive historical gene flow between the species or, alternatively, incomplete lineage sorting, rather than recent secondary contact. The lack of monophyly between the two taxa impeded subspecies‐level phylogeographic inferences, with the subspecific variation being interpreted as a probable artefact of the phenotypic plasticity of the two forms. These findings indicate clearly that the two taxa form a single evolutionary unit, in which the morphological differentiation used to diagnose the species, combined with their geographic distribution, is at odds with the incomplete separation of the taxa. This may reflect disparities in the rates of differentiation between molecular and phenotypic markers, which is possibly due to the variation in selection pressures along a humidity gradient in Amazonia.

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An augmented supermatrix phylogeny of the avian family Picidae reveals uncertainty deep in the family tree

Cited by 38 publications

References 84 publications

Macroevolutionary patterning of woodpecker drums reveals how sexual selection elaborates signals under constraint

Macroevolutionary patterning of woodpecker drums reveals how sexual selection elaborates signals under constraint

Rapid song divergence leads to discordance between genetic distance and phenotypic characters important in reproductive isolation

Molecular and plumage analyses indicate the incomplete separation of two woodpeckers (Aves, Picidae)

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