An Authenticatable (2, 3) Secret Sharing Scheme Using Meaningful Share Images Based on Hybrid Fractal Matrix

Abstract

Secret image sharing (SIS) scheme is an important technology to protect secret information. It distributes the secret data into multiple shares so that the participants can obtain the embedded secret by sharing their authenticated shares. Through a simple process of these shares, the secret data can be extracted. In this paper, we propose a (2, 3) SIS scheme based on a fractal matrix. Through guidance of the proposed fractal matrix, the secret data can be distributed into three shares which are indistinguishable from their corresponding cover images. Any two of the three distinct shares can cooperate to extract the exact secret data. Moreover, we devise two authentication mechanisms to prevent from tampering. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme can provide efficient payloads with shares of good visual quality. The authentications are also effective and easy to implement.

An Efficient Multi-Secret Image Sharing System Based on Chinese Remainder Theorem and Its FPGA Realization

“…Yan et al also used CRT to share grayscale images with lossless recovery [7]. Others used steganography techniques to embed the shares inside cover images to make them less suspicious [8], [9]. Liu et al proposed a multiple-level SIS, where participants have different levels and higher priority participants can reveal more information [10].…”

A k,n-Threshold Secret Image Sharing Scheme Based on a Non-Full Rank Linear Model

“…However, shadow images are vulnerable to the steganalysis because they are generated based on the same cover image. Recently, some secret image sharing schemes using different meaningful cover images have been proposed [27,28]. In these methods, (k, n) is a fixed pair of predefined constants.…”

Verifiable (2, n) Image Secret Sharing Scheme Using Sudoku Matrix

“…In 2018, Liu and Chang [33] proposed applying the authentication mechanism to secret sharing to authenticate whether the shadow images have been tampered with (modified) or not. In 2021, Gao et al [34] proposed a high-capacity secret sharing scheme with an authentication mechanism. To achieve reversibility, a reversible and verifiable SIS scheme has also been proposed.…”

“…In this paper, we encode a secret image into n shares using the concept of Sudoku. The schemes [33][34][35][36]38] are not allowed more than three participants. The scheme allows n joint participants, so it is more flexible than the above schemes.…”

“…Therefore, it is difficult to identify the difference between the original cover image and the hidden image, which helps protect the secret image from detection by malicious users. When compared with Gao et al's method [34,35], as summarized in Section 4, the proposed approach achieves superior performance in terms of visual quality, hiding capacity, and authentication ability.…”