An Autoinhibitory Domain Confers Redox Regulation to Maize Glycerate Kinase

Bartsch, Oliver; Mikkat, Stefan; Hagemann, Martin; Bauwe, Hermann

doi:10.1104/pp.110.157719

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…In leaf peroxisomes, it is needed to maintain optimal rates of photorespiration by providing NADH required for the reduction of hydroxypyruvate to glycerate by peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR; Cousins et al 2008;Pracharoenwattana et al 2010;Timm et al 2011). Glycerate can be transported back to the chloroplast where it is phosphorylated to yield 3-phosphoglycerate, which can re-enter the CBC (Ogren 1984;Leegood et al 1995;Boldt et al 2005;Bartsch et al 2010;Walker et al 2016).…”

Section: Peroxisomal Mdhs Are Involved In Photorespiration and In Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives

2018

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Malate valves act as powerful systems for balancing the ATP/NAD(P)H ratio required in various subcellular compartments in plant cells. As components of malate valves, isoforms of malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) and dicarboxylate translocators catalyse the reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate and their transport. Depending on the co-enzyme specificity of the MDH isoforms, either NADH or NADPH can be transported indirectly. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses nine genes encoding MDH isoenzymes. Activities of NAD-dependent MDHs have been detected in mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytosol and plastids. In addition, chloroplasts possess a NADP-dependent MDH isoform. The NADP-MDH as part of the 'light malate valve' plays an important role as a poising mechanism to adjust the ATP/NADPH ratio in the stroma. Its activity is strictly regulated by post-translational redox-modification mediated via the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system and fine control via the NADP /NADP(H) ratio, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis under changing conditions. In contrast, the plastid NAD-MDH ('dark malate valve') is constitutively active and its lack leads to failure in early embryo development. While redox regulation of the main cytosolic MDH isoform has been shown, knowledge about regulation of the other two cytosolic MDHs as well as NAD-MDH isoforms from peroxisomes and mitochondria is still lacking. Knockout mutants lacking the isoforms from chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes have been characterised, but not much is known about cytosolic NAD-MDH isoforms and their role in planta. This review updates the current knowledge on MDH isoforms and the shuttle systems for intercompartmental dicarboxylate exchange, focusing on the various metabolic functions of these valves.

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Section: Peroxisomal Mdhs Are Involved In Photorespiration and In Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives

2018

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“…Antibodies against photorespiratory proteins were produced and purified as follows: PGLP1 (Arabidopsis, recombinant protein; H. Bauwe, unpublished data), GDC-P (pea [Pisum sativum], purified protein; a gift from D.J. Oliver [Idaho State University]), GDC-T (Flaveria pringlei, purified protein; Engel et al, 2008), GDC-L (pea, purified protein; a gift from Stephen Rawsthorne [John Innes Centre]), GDC-H (Flaveria trinervia, recombinant protein; Kopriva et al, 1996), SHM1 (pea, purified protein; Turner et al, 1992), and GLYK (rice [Oryza sativa] Os01g0682500, recombinant protein; Bartsch et al, 2010).…”

Section: Protein Isolation and Immunological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serine Acts as a Metabolic Signal for the Transcriptional Control of Photorespiration-Related Genes in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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Photosynthetic carbon assimilation including photorespiration is dynamically regulated during the day/night cycle. This includes transcriptional regulation, such as the light induction of corresponding genes, but little is known about the contribution of photorespiratory metabolites to the regulation of gene expression. Here, we examined diurnal changes in the levels of photorespiratory metabolites, of enzymes of the photorespiratory carbon cycle, and of corresponding transcripts in wild-type plants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and in a mutant with altered photorespiratory flux due to the absence of the peroxisomal enzyme Hydroxypyruvate Reductase1 (HPR1). Metabolomics of the wild type showed that the relative amounts of most metabolites involved in photorespiration increased after the onset of light, exhibited maxima at the end of the day, and decreased during the night. In accordance with those findings, both the amounts of messenger RNAs encoding photorespiratory enzymes and the respective protein contents showed a comparable accumulation pattern. Deletion of HPR1 did not significantly alter most of the metabolite patterns relative to wild-type plants; only serine accumulated to a constitutively elevated amount in this mutant. In contrast, the hpr1 mutation resulted in considerable deregulation of the transcription of photorespiration-related genes. This transcriptional deregulation could also be induced by the external application of L-serine but not glycine to the Arabidopsis wild type, suggesting that serine acts as a metabolic signal for the transcriptional regulation of photorespiration, particularly in the glycine-to-serine interconversion reactions.

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“…Review 7 Ó 2011 The Authors New Phytologist Ó 2011 New Phytologist Trust of a short carboxy-terminal extension, and is subject to redox control. A disulfide bond is formed by the oxidation of two cysteine residues which inhibits GLYK activity; this inhibition is reversed by cleavage of the disulfide bond (Bartsch et al, 2010). This report strongly indicates that GLYK is regulated by the redox state.…”

Section: Tansley Reviewmentioning

confidence: 76%

Regulatory mechanisms underlying C₄ photosynthesis

2011

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Contents Summary 9I.Introduction10II.Regulation of C4 differentiation11III.The photorespiratory pathway: a case study for transcriptional and post‐transcriptional controls14IV.Future perspectives of C4 research – an introduction to a C4 model16Acknowledgements17References17 Summary C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation that evolved to alleviate the detrimental effects of photorespiration as a result of the gradual decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In most C4 plants, two cell types, bundle sheath and mesophyll, cooperate in carbon fixation, and, in so doing, are able to alleviate photorespiratory losses. Although much of the biochemistry is well characterized, little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying the cell‐type specificity driving C4. However, several studies have shown that regulation acts at multiple levels, including transcriptional, post‐transcriptional, post‐translational and epigenetic. One example of such a regulatory mechanism is the cell‐specific accumulation of major photorespiratory transcripts/proteins in bundle sheath cells, where ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is localized. Although many of the genes are expressed in the bundle sheath, some are expressed in both cell types, implicating post‐transcriptional control mechanisms. Recently, ultra‐high‐throughput sequencing techniques and sophisticated mass spectrometry instrumentation have provided new opportunities to further our understanding of C4 regulation. Computational pipelines are being developed to accommodate the mass of data associated with these techniques. Finally, we discuss a readily transformable C4 grass –Setaria viridis– that has great potential to serve as a model for the genetic dissection of C4 photosynthesis in the grasses.

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An Autoinhibitory Domain Confers Redox Regulation to Maize Glycerate Kinase

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives

Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives

Serine Acts as a Metabolic Signal for the Transcriptional Control of Photorespiration-Related Genes in Arabidopsis

Regulatory mechanisms underlying C₄ photosynthesis

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An Autoinhibitory Domain Confers Redox Regulation to Maize Glycerate Kinase

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives

Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives

Serine Acts as a Metabolic Signal for the Transcriptional Control of Photorespiration-Related Genes in Arabidopsis

Regulatory mechanisms underlying C4 photosynthesis

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Regulatory mechanisms underlying C₄ photosynthesis