An automated bolide detection pipeline for GOES GLM

Smith, Jeffrey C.; Morris, Robert; Rumpf, Clemens; Longenbaugh, Randolph S.; McCurdy, N.; Henze, Christopher E.; Dotson, Jessie L.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114576

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, our analysis used a new technique to estimate the altitude of GLM emissions, in addition to the traditional latitude and longitude, which was made possible by simultaneous observations (i.e., stereo) from both GLMs (see details in Materials and Methods) ( 38 ). A similar technique has been used to calculate the altitude of bolides high in the atmosphere (tens of kilometers in altitude) from stereo GLM observations ( 53 ). The magnetic field data allowed the current moment and charge moment change to be calculated from recorded waveforms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upward propagation of gigantic jets revealed by 3D radio and optical mapping

et al. 2022

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Occasionally, lightning will exit the top of a thunderstorm and connect to the lower edge of space, forming a gigantic jet. Here, we report on observations of a negative gigantic jet that transferred an extraordinary amount of charge between the troposphere and ionosphere (∼300 C). It occurred in unusual circumstances, emerging from an area of weak convection. As the discharge ascended from the cloud top, tens of very high frequency (VHF) radio sources were detected from 22 to 45 km altitude, while simultaneous optical emissions (777.4 nm OI emitted from lightning leaders) remained near cloud top (15 to 20 km altitude). This implies that the high-altitude VHF sources were produced by streamers and the streamer discharge activity can extend all the way from near cloud top to the ionosphere. The simultaneous three-dimensional radio and optical data indicate that VHF lightning networks detect emissions from streamer corona rather than the leader channel, which has broad implications to lightning physics beyond that of gigantic jets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upward propagation of gigantic jets revealed by 3D radio and optical mapping

et al. 2022

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“…The flash was not identified as a fireball through automated processing of GLM data (Smith et al., 2021) or U.S. Government satellite data (https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/) (Brown, Spalding, et al., 2002). In these automated detection pipelines, fireballs are identified by linear trajectories of individual flashes, and a light curve comprising greater energy release toward the end of the trajectory/flash event (Rumpf et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusive Seismoacoustic Detection and Characterization of an Unseen and Unheard Fireball Over the North Atlantic

Hicks,

Matos,

Pimentel

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Small meteoroids that enter Earth's atmosphere often go unnoticed because their detection and characterization rely on human observations, introducing observational biases in space and time. Acoustic shockwaves from meteoroid ablation convert to infrasound and seismic energy, enabling fireball detection using seismoacoustic methods. We analyzed an unreported fireball in 2022 near the Azores, recorded by 26 seismometers and two infrasound arrays. Through polarization analyses, array methods, and 3‐D ray‐tracing, we determined that the terminal blast occurred at 40 km altitude, ∼60 km NE of São Miguel Island. This location matches an unidentified flash captured by a lightning detector aboard the GOES‐16 satellite. The estimated kinetic energy is ∼10−3 kT TNT equivalent, suggesting a 10−1 m object diameter, thousands of which enter the atmosphere annually. Our results demonstrate how geophysical methods, in tandem with satellite data, can significantly improve the observational completeness of meteoroids, advancing our understanding of their sources and entry processes.

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“…No detections were correlated either spatially or temporally with the timing of the Golden fireball, consistent with our ground‐based peak magnitude of −14. The location of the fireball was near the edge of the GLM field of view for GLM from both satellites (Smith et al., 2021) so we expect the actual threshold limit to be brighter than −14. As an empirical check, we note that Jenniskens et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Golden meteorite fall: Fireball trajectory, orbit, and meteorite characterization

Brown,

McCausland,

Hildebrand

et al. 2023

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The Golden (British Columbia, Canada) meteorite fall occurred on October 4, 2021 at 0534 UT with the first recovered fragment (1.3 kg) landing on an occupied bed. The associated fireball was recorded by numerous cameras permitting reconstruction of its trajectory and orbit. The fireball entered the atmosphere at a 54° angle from the horizontal at a speed of 18 km s−1. The fireball reached a peak brightness of −14, having first become luminous at a height of >84 km and ending at 18 km altitude. Analysis of the infrasonic record of the bolide produced an estimated mass of kg while modeling of the fireball light curve suggests an initial mass near 70 kg. The fireball experienced a major flare near 31 km altitude where more than half its mass was lost in the form of dust and gram‐sized fragments under a dynamic pressure of 3.3 MPa. The strength and fragmentation behavior of the fireball were similar to those reported for other meteorite‐producing fireballs (Borovička et al., 2020). Seven days after the fireball occurred, an additional 0.9 kg fragment was recovered during the second day of dedicated searching guided by initial trajectory and dark flight calculations. Additional searching in the fall and spring of 2021–2022 located no additional fragments. The meteorite is an unbrecciated, low‐shock (S2) ordinary chondrite of intermediate composition, typed as an L/LL5 with a grain density of ~3530 k gm−3, an average bulk density of 3150 kg m−3 and calculated porosity of ~10%. From noble gas measurements, the cosmic ray exposure age is 25 ± 4 Ma while gas retention ages are all >2 Ga. Short‐lived radionuclides and noble gas measurements of the pre‐atmospheric size overlap with estimates from infrasound and light curve modeling producing a preferred pre‐atmospheric mass of 70–200 kg. The orbit of Golden has a high inclination (23.5°) and is consistent with delivery from the inner main belt. The highest probability (60%) of an origin is from the Hungaria group. We propose that Golden may originate among the background S‐type asteroids found interspersed in the Hungaria region. The current collection of 18 L/LL—chondrite orbits shows a strong preference for origins in the inner main belt, suggesting multiple parent bodies may be required to explain the diversity in CRE ages and shock states.

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An automated bolide detection pipeline for GOES GLM

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Upward propagation of gigantic jets revealed by 3D radio and optical mapping

Upward propagation of gigantic jets revealed by 3D radio and optical mapping

Exclusive Seismoacoustic Detection and Characterization of an Unseen and Unheard Fireball Over the North Atlantic

The Golden meteorite fall: Fireball trajectory, orbit, and meteorite characterization

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