An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Total Alkaloids in Cigarette Smoke Using On-line Cyanogen Chloride Generation from Low Hazard Starting Materials

Lidzey, R. G.; Savage, GP

doi:10.2478/cttr-2013-0564

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The method is based on the measurement of the color complex generated by the reaction of alkaloids with sulfanilic acid and cyanogen chloride, which is formed on line from potassium thiocyanate and sodium hypochlorite. The developed color is measured at 460 nm [51].…”

Section: Yield and Quality Determinations And Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Response, Quality Traits, and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of a Burley Tobacco Crop Grown in Mediterranean Areas (Southern Italy) as Affected by Intensive N Management

et al. 2021

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Tobacco is an annual cash crop widely cultivated over the world, which generally needs great amounts (N) of nitrogen to achieve the best yield and quality. However, with a view to sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, also for this crop, the reduction in N fertilization is a priority, but without negatively affecting the yield and quality of the cured product. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 on light air-cured (Burley) tobacco at three different locations of the Campania region (Southern Italy) where high-quality light air-cured (Burley) tobacco is traditionally cultivated. At each location, the following six N fertilization treatments were compared with four replications (blocks): (i) a not fertilized control (N0); (ii) 50 kg N ha−1 (N50); 90 kg N ha−1 (N90); 130 kg N ha−1 (N130); 170 kg N ha−1 (N170); 210 kg N ha−1 (N210). The yield of cured leaves appeared positively influenced by N fertilization but not at a rate higher than 170 kg ha−1. N fertilization directly influenced nitrates and the total N content of cured leaves at all locations. The greater values of both parameters were reached at N130 or N90, respectively, at Vitulazio (CE), N170 at Bellizzi (SA), and N90 at San Giorgio del Sannio (BN). The fire holding capacity increased with N fertilization up to N170 treatment (12–13 s at CE and BN but just 8 s at SA). L* (brightness) decreased with increasing N fertilization giving cured leaves less bright and opaquer. The a/b ratio (a*, green/red; b*, blue/yellow) increased with N treatments producing cured leaves of dark hazelnut. The best scores were assigned to cured products obtained by plants fertilized with 170 kg N ha−1. N-use efficiencies were negatively influenced by N fertilization. The best NUE and N-uptake efficiency was recorded in 2002 at Vitulazio (CE), in spite of a higher NO3-N before N fertilization than other locations.

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Section: Yield and Quality Determinations And Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield Response, Quality Traits, and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of a Burley Tobacco Crop Grown in Mediterranean Areas (Southern Italy) as Affected by Intensive N Management

et al. 2021

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“…Free ammonia was determined using the same method for total nitrogen, without mineralization. Total alkaloids were determined after a reaction with on-line-generated cyanogen chloride and sulfanilic acid to form a yellow compound (Lidzey and Savage, 1986, modified by Contillo). Reducing sugars were analyzed through the formation of a yellow complex after a reaction with p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide (Tonini et al, 1981).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced N supply limits the nitrate content of flue-cured tobacco

Castelli¹,

Ceotto

Contillo³

2010

Agronomy Sust. Developm.

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Among tobacco components, nitrate is one of the most harmful for human health because during tobacco burning nitrate reacts with alkaloids to form tobacco-specific nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are carcinogenic compounds identified in tobacco products and smoke. Despite a general consensus on the relevance of nitrate on human health, nitrate is currently not considered in the routine analysis of flue-cured tobacco, unlike total alkaloids, reducing sugars, total nitrogen, pesticides and chemicals for sucker control residues. In implementing strategies for tobacco cultivation, it is critical to minimize the nitrate content of the harvested product. On the other hand, the agronomic practices devised to reduce nitrate content should not adversely impact either the yield or commercial characteristics of the product. We carried out a field experiment over three years at one site of the Veneto plane, Northern Italy. We studied the influence of nitrogen supply on productivity and relevant chemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco. Treatments consisted of four rates of nitrogen supply and one unfertilized control. The rates of nitrogen applied were 0

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Comparison of Full‐flavoured Varieties of Burley Tobacco

Castelli¹,

Carotenuto²,

Contillo³

1996

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Nine Burley tobacco cultivars were tested in three locations of the Veneto region during 3 years in order to single out the ones most suitable for the target environment. Differences among cultivars were found for plant development indicators, yield and visual quality of the cured leaf, but not for physical and chemical properties of the leaf, even if most characters varied widely among the environments. High yields combined well with high scores of Quality Index. F1, hybrids CAS 83–1E and C. 03–6 resulted on average the best performing cultivars, both for yield and quality, confirming the findings of previous trials.

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An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Total Alkaloids in Cigarette Smoke Using On-line Cyanogen Chloride Generation from Low Hazard Starting Materials

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Yield Response, Quality Traits, and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of a Burley Tobacco Crop Grown in Mediterranean Areas (Southern Italy) as Affected by Intensive N Management

Yield Response, Quality Traits, and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of a Burley Tobacco Crop Grown in Mediterranean Areas (Southern Italy) as Affected by Intensive N Management

Reduced N supply limits the nitrate content of flue-cured tobacco

Comparison of Full‐flavoured Varieties of Burley Tobacco

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