An automated system for continuous monitoring of CO2 geosequestration using multi-well offset VSP with permanent seismic sources and receivers: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project

Isaenkov, Roman; Pevzner, Roman; Glubokovskikh, Stanislav; Yavuz, Sinem; Yurikov, Alexey; Tertyshnikov, Konstantin; Gurevich, Boris; Correa, Julia; Wood, Todd; Freifeld, Barry; Mondanos, Michael; Nikolov, Stoyan; Barraclough, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103317

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The ongoing Stage 3 of the Otway Project may provide further insights into the seismogenic capacity of the splay faults. Stage 3 relies on a network of deep boreholes equipped with the high‐sensitivity distributed acoustic sensors to monitor another 15,000 tonnes of supercritical CO 2 injected into the Lower Paaratte formation 700 m to the west CRC‐2 (Isaenkov et al., 2021). Analysis of these new data will be a subject of a future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small CO₂ Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

Glubokovskikh

Saygin

Shapiro

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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CO 2 storage in saline aquifers is one of the most promising technologies for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Expansion of this technology raises a safety concern: widespread injections of CO 2 may result in numerous cases where change of the formation pressure and pore fluid would trigger pronounced geomechanical response (Zoback & Gorelick, 2012). As a result, injected CO 2 may leak into the overburden through reactivated faults or breach the topseal, which likely occurred at the In Salah CCS site (Algeria) (White et al., 2014). Even if the geomechanical changes are low to moderate, the injection-induced seismicity may pose a serious risk to the integrity of unprepared civil infrastructure: this situation occurred at the Castor gas storage site offshore Spain (Vilarrasa et al., 2021). Also, mostly harmless but widely felt seismicity will become an issue for public perception of CCS. Despite these concerns, only a few CO 2 injections into saline aquifers have reported induced seismicity. The injection at In Salah CCS project, mentioned above, induced a few thousands of clearly detectable events, although instrumentation malfunctions precluded comprehensive analysis (Goertz-Allmann et al., 2014). Two more CCS projects led to reactivation of the faults in the crystalline basement when overpressure propagated downwards: the Quest CCS project (Alberta, Canada) (Harvey et al., 2021) and two injections at the Decatur CCS site (Illinois, USA): Illinois Basin-Decatur Project (Il-IBDP) and Illinois Industrial Carbon Capture and Sequestration Sources (Il-ICCS) (Williams-Stroud et al., 2020). In these projects, the largest event was documented at Il-IBDP with a moment magnitude M W = 1.55 (Goertz-Allmann et al., 2021).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small CO₂ Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

Glubokovskikh

Saygin

Shapiro

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The deep learning approach can be easily implemented in the on-site automated field-data-processing workflow. A field experiment where DAS data acquisition and processing was automated was recently published by Isaenkov et al, [ 48 ]. In that study, an array of five deep wells generates ~1.3 Tb of raw data per day, and the data is processed as active time-lapse VSP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Neural Networks for Detection and Location of Microseismic Events and Velocity Model Inversion from Microseismic Data Acquired by Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array

Wamriew

Pevzner

Maltsev

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Fiber-optic cables have recently gained popularity for use as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) arrays for borehole microseismic monitoring due to their physical robustness as well as high spatial and temporal resolutions. As a result, the sensors record large amounts of data, making it very difficult to process in real-/semi-real-time using the conventional processing routines. We present a novel approach, based on deep learning, for handling the large amounts of DAS data in real-/semi-real-time. The proposed neural network was trained on synthetic microseismic data contaminated with real-ambient noise from field data and was validated using field DAS microseismic data obtained from a hydraulic fracturing operation. The results indicate that the trained network is capable of detecting and locating microseismic events from DAS data and simultaneously update the velocity model to a high degree of precision. The mean absolute errors in the event locations and the velocity model parameters are 2.04, 0.72, 2.76, 4.19 and 0.97 percent for distance (x), depth (z), P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity and density, respectively. In addition to automation and computational efficiency, deep learning reduces human expert data handling during processing, thus preserving data integrity leading to more accurate and reproducible results.

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“…The CO2CRC Otway Project site has now five wells instrumented with iDASv3™ systems (Isaenkov et al, 2021), within a distance of 2 km. Even such a small aperture may be sufficient to accurately delineate the source regions, and hence, establish a link between the ocean parameters and seismic signal, similar to Bromirski et al (1999); Bromirski and Duennebier (2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Provides Insights Into the Structure of Short‐Period Ocean‐Generated Seismic Wavefield

et al. 2021

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Ocean‐generated seismic waves are omnipresent in passive seismic records around the world and present both a challenge for earthquake observations and an input signal for interferometric methods for characterization of the Earth's interior. Understanding of these waves requires the knowledge of the depth dependence of the oceanic noise at the transition into the continent. To this end, we examine 80 days of continuous acquisition with distributed acoustic sensor (DAS) system deployed in two deep boreholes near the south‐eastern coast of Australia. The iDASv3™ system deployed in a deep borehole at the CO2CRC Otway Project site provides sufficiently high sensitivity and low instrumentation noise for frequencies from 100 mHz to 20 Hz. Analysis of the seismograms and correlation with wave climate allows decomposing the DAS response into microseisms generated by swell from remote storms (∼ $\sim $0.15 Hz) and local winds (between 0.2 and 2 Hz), and strong body wave energy from large surf breaks at the coast (from 2 to 20 Hz). The depth dependence of the microseisms provides useful insights into the energy partition between the Rayleigh wave modes and may augment conventional kinematic analysis of the sparse surface seismological arrays. Overall, ocean‐generated signals at each channel along the borehole are strongly related to the wave climate, so that—with sufficient amount of training data—the passive seismic records on several downhole DAS sensors has a potential for high‐precision monitoring of formations surrounding the borehole as well as remote storms in the ocean.

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An automated system for continuous monitoring of CO2 geosequestration using multi-well offset VSP with permanent seismic sources and receivers: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

A Small CO₂ Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

A Small CO₂ Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

Deep Neural Networks for Detection and Location of Microseismic Events and Velocity Model Inversion from Microseismic Data Acquired by Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array

Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Provides Insights Into the Structure of Short‐Period Ocean‐Generated Seismic Wavefield

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An automated system for continuous monitoring of CO2 geosequestration using multi-well offset VSP with permanent seismic sources and receivers: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

A Small CO2 Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

A Small CO2 Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

Deep Neural Networks for Detection and Location of Microseismic Events and Velocity Model Inversion from Microseismic Data Acquired by Distributed Acoustic Sensing Array

Downhole Distributed Acoustic Sensing Provides Insights Into the Structure of Short‐Period Ocean‐Generated Seismic Wavefield

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Product

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A Small CO₂ Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer

A Small CO₂ Leakage May Induce Seismicity on a Sub‐Seismic Fault in a Good‐Porosity Clastic Saline Aquifer