“…Previously reported medications and medical procedures such as pacemaker insertion and surgery offer well-established treatments for most arrhythmias; meanwhile, a large quantity of signal and image processing algorithms as well as sensor devices provided useful tools on electrocardiogram-assisted diagnosis [8,18,20,26,31,32]. Recently, many researchers have been devoting themselves on computer-aided ECG analysis, where the technical developments are enriched from the booming growth on machine learning and deep learning algorithms [6, 9, 11, 13-17, 21, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 35-37].…”