2023
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04981-8
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An autonomy-oriented response to EAP students’ learned helplessness in online classes

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“…Since its development, the LHS has been a popular scale for measuring individual learned helplessness in various populations and fields, including employees, 11 college students, 12 health providers, 13 etc. In educational psychology, the LHS has also been widely used to measure students’ learned helplessness (e.g., 14 ). However, there have been no studies validating the LHS among groups of students, and there have also been no studies that have adopted and tested the psychometric properties of the LHS among Chinese participants.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since its development, the LHS has been a popular scale for measuring individual learned helplessness in various populations and fields, including employees, 11 college students, 12 health providers, 13 etc. In educational psychology, the LHS has also been widely used to measure students’ learned helplessness (e.g., 14 ). However, there have been no studies validating the LHS among groups of students, and there have also been no studies that have adopted and tested the psychometric properties of the LHS among Chinese participants.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%