An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of nucleic‐acid precursors by neurones and glia during nerve regeneration.

Watson, W. E.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007728

Cited by 224 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fig. 4B Kuno & Llinas, 1970); guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion (Purves, 1975;Matthews & Nelson, 1975); chick ciliary ganglion (Pilar & Landmesser, 1972;Brenner & Johnson, 1976;Brenner & Martin, 1976); mouse hypoglossal nucleus (Watson, 1965). However, decreased synaptic efficacy is not universal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient, axotomy‐induced changes in the membrane properties of crayfish central neurones.

Kuwada¹,

Wine²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. In crayfish, the normally passive, non-spiking somata of certain unipolar, efferent neurones became spiking within 36 hr of axotomy.2. The changes persisted for approximately 2 weeks and then waned. The decline in excitability occurred independently of regeneration, and excitability was not restored by recutting 'the axon stump.3. The neuropilar processes also became capable of supporting spikes, but synaptic transmission onto the cells and the spike threshold for orthodromic activation were unchanged, as was the gross structure of the neurone.4. In somata which normally spike, electrogenicity was nevertheless increased, as evidenced by soma spikes that were larger, faster rising, and easier to evoke.5. We tested for post-axotomy excitability changes in a variety of identified neurones. Every type (n = 5) of phasically active efferent we tested responded as above, as did all three phasic interneurones. One class of spontaneously active interneurones and one spontaneously active efferent did not respond to axotomy.6. Extensive damage to afferents did not initiate changes in efferents of the same ganglion, nor did it interfere with changes induced by axotomy of the efferents.7. Transection of the larger of the two main branches of the phasic flexor inhibitor induced soma excitability, but cutting the smaller branch did not. However, after the excitability caused by cutting the larger branch waned, transaction of the smaller branch then induced excitability.8. Neurones with longer axon stumps took longer to develop soma excitability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient, axotomy‐induced changes in the membrane properties of crayfish central neurones.

Kuwada¹,

Wine²

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Microglial mitosis is an essential part of microglial turnover 9 and reactive microgliosis. 49,50 Mitosis, in combination with recruitment of immigrating BM-derived cells and migration of microglia from adjoining areas, expands the microglial population. 10,15 Throughout the period studied here, it was not possible to show a statistically significant increase in mitosis by immigrant GFP ϩ microglia until day 7, which was in contrast to the significant mitotic response in the resident microglial population at both 3, 5, and 7 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Control of Resident and Immigrant Microglia by Mitosis and Apoptosis

Wirenfeldt

Dissing-Olesen

Babcock

et al. 2007

The American Journal of Pathology

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Microglial population expansion occurs in response to neural damage via processes that involve mitosis and immigration of bone marrow-derived cells. However, little is known of the mechanisms that regulate clearance of reactive microglia, when microgliosis diminishes days to weeks later. We have investigated the mechanisms of microglial population control in a welldefined model of reactive microgliosis in the mouse dentate gyrus after perforant pathway axonal lesion. Unbiased stereological methods and flow cytometry demonstrate significant lesion-induced increases in microglial numbers. Reactive microglia often occurred in clusters, some having recently incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, showing that proliferation had occurred. Annexin V labeling and staining for activated caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling showed that apoptotic mechanisms participate in dissolution of the microglial response. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we found that the lesion-induced proliferative capacity of resident microglia superseded that of immigrant microglia, whereas lesion-induced kinetics of apoptosis were comparable. Microglial numbers and responses were severely reduced in bone marrow chimeric mice. These results broaden our understanding of the microglial response to neural damage by demonstrating that simultaneously occurring mitosis and apoptosis regulate expansion and reduction of both resident and immigrant microglial cell populations. (Am J Pathol

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“…Isotopes were obtained from the Radiochemical Centre, Amersham. [3H]uridine was diluted to a final activity of 1 c/ml., and [3H]thymidine to 0-25 c/ml. Twenty microlitres of one of these solutions was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of each mouse (Haley & McCormick, 1957 (Watson, 1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of nucleic‐acid precursors by neurones and glia during nerve stimulation.

Watson¹

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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In the previous paper (Watson, 1965) the incorporation of tritiated (3H-) nucleosides into ribonucleic acid (RNA) by regenerating neurones was followed autoradiographically. This paper describes the use of this method to follow the altered rate of transfer of labelled RNA from the nuclei of neurones into their cytoplasm both under normal conditions and during imposed nerve stimulation. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by neuroglia under these circumstances was also sought. METHODSAnimals. Observations were made upon normal albino rats and mice aged 3 months when killed: they received standard food pellets.Methods of stimulation. Supraoptic neurones of mice were stimulated by substituting aqueous solutions of sodium chloride for drinking water for periods of 1-60 days: the concentration of sodium chloride was within range of 0-4-3-6 g/100 ml. Vestibular neurones of mice were stimulated by placing each mouse within a closely fitting padded cage: each cage was attached to a spoke of a wheel which rotated in an alternating manner, 3600 clockwise, then 360°a nticlockwise about a vertical axis. Six such cycles of alternating rotation were completed each minute and the maximum acceleration imposed was 4 radians/sec2. The cages were inclined at 300 to the horizontal plane, tipped in the axis of the spoke of the wheel so that stimulation was not confined to the horizontal semicircular canals. The head of each mouse faced centrally towards the vertical axis of rotation and was between 8 and 10 cm from it. Each mouse received one or more periods of such stimulation daily, each lasting 30 min.Vestibular neurones were also stimulated by training mice to walk along a horizontal 'tight rope' of string 3 mm thick and 1 m long, for a reward of brow-n bread and cheese. Each mouse made about twenty such excursions daily.Anterior horn cells and dersal ganglia of the cervical spinal cord were stimulated by exercising rats on a treadmill. They walked at a speed of 7m/min for periods of 2 hr. Each rat received two such periods of exercise daily.Isotope administration. Tritiateduridine (1-22 c/m-mole) wasused as a precursor ofRNA, and tritiated thymidine (3-3 c/m-mole) allowed the synthesis of DNA by neuroglia to be followed. Isotopes were obtained from the Radiochemical Centre, Amersham. [3H]uridine was diluted to a final activity of 1 c/ml., and [3H]thymidine to 0-25 c/ml. Twenty microlitres of one of these solutions was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of each mouse (Haley &

show abstract

An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of nucleic‐acid precursors by neurones and glia during nerve regeneration.

Cited by 224 publications

References 19 publications

Transient, axotomy‐induced changes in the membrane properties of crayfish central neurones.

Transient, axotomy‐induced changes in the membrane properties of crayfish central neurones.

Population Control of Resident and Immigrant Microglia by Mitosis and Apoptosis

An autoradiographic study of the incorporation of nucleic‐acid precursors by neurones and glia during nerve stimulation.

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