An avian leucosis group-specific complement fixation reaction. Application for the detection and assay of non-cytopathogenic leucosis viruses

Sarma, Padman S.; Turner, Horace C.; Huebner, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(64)90253-3

Cited by 199 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Antibody to the DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus was tested for its ability to inhibit the endogenous DNA polymerase activities of B77 virus and of the chicken cells (Fig. 4A) 12,000 X g for 20 min. The supernatant was poured into 3 ml of cold (-20°) 100% ethanol and left at -20°for 4 hr or more.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Activity in Uninfected Chicken Embryos

Kang

Temin

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Early chicken embryos that are either positive or negative for group-specific antigens of avian leukosis viruses contained endogenous RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. This endogenous DNA polymerase activity was not increased after mixture of soluble DNA polymerases isolated from chicken embryos with disrupted chicken embryo cells. The endogenous activity was resistant to treatment with deoxyribonuclease, and the initial rate of DNA synthesis was partially resistant to actinomycin D. In contrast, over 90% of the endogenous polymerase activity was destroyed by ribonuclease in medium with high salt concentration. The DNA product of the endogenous DNA polymerase activity from chicken embryos did not hybridize with RNA of Rous sarcoma virus or reticuloendotheliosis virus, whereas about 40% of this DNA product hybridized with the RNA from the same chicken-cell fraction. Antibody against DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus did not neutralize the chicken endogenous DNA polymerase activity. These results demonstrate that uninfected chicken embryo cells contain endogenous RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity that is not derived from avian leukosis or reticuloendotheliosis viruses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Activity in Uninfected Chicken Embryos

Kang

Temin

1972

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The group-specific (gs) antigen proteins of the avian, murine, feline, and hamster C-type RNA tumor viruses have been demoisstrated and to a considerable extent purified and defined.13 [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Unlike the external envelope antigens which are type-specific,38'44 the major component of the gs antigen makes up a significant portion of the nucleoid protein coat of the various C-type RNA tumor viruses. Although distinct for each of the four species, they are shared by all the C-type viruses known to occur in each of the respective species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Group-Specific Antigen Expression During Embryogenesis of the Genome of the C-Type RNA Tumor Virus: Implications for Ontogenesis and Oncogenesis

Huebner¹,

Kelloff²,

Sarma³

et al. 1970

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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172

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Tests for the group-specific antigen of the C-type RNA tumor virus showed that mouse embryos of all strains tested, at some stage of development in utero , revealed detectable titers of group-specific antigen in one or more of their tissues; younger, rather than older, embryos were likely to be positive, particularly in those strains which normally reveal little or no expression of the RNA genome postnatally. The antigens were found in embryos of low-leukemia strains, free of infectious virus. These new findings support a previously stated hypothesis that the genome of RNA tumor viruses, mostly switched off for infectious virus expression, is vertically transmitted as part of the natural genetic apparatus of normal mouse cells. Since group-specific antigens have also been described in chick embryos and immunological tolerance to homologous group-specific antigens has been demonstrated in hamsters and cats as well as in mice and chickens, the hypothesis has been extended to include vertebrate cells in general. Finally, the high incidence and titers of the group-specific antigen suggest that the genes for RNA tumor virus, which later in life act as determinants of cancer, may be important also as gene determinants in the developing embryo.

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“…Because most ALVs produce no visible morphologic changes in culture, detection of ALV p27 forms the basis of several diagnostic tests for virus. Indirect biologic assays such as complement fixation (CF) for avian leukosis (COFAL) (Sarma et al, 1964), ELISA for ALV (Crittenden et al, 1987;Fadly & Witter, 1998), phenotypic mixing (PM; Okazaki et al, 1975), resistance-inducing factor (RIF; Rubin, 1960), and nonproducer cell activation (NP; Rispens et al, 1970) tests are used for the detection of ALVs. Of all such assays, ELISA-ALV is the most commonly used test.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Alvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of avian leukosis viruses: A review

Fadly

2000

Avian Pathology

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is the most common naturally occurring avian retrovirus that can cause a variety of neoplastic disease conditions in chickens. In addition to causing neoplasia, ALV is known to be associated with reduced productivity and other production problems in affected flocks. Biological and molecular assays for the detection of ALV are very useful in identification and classification of new isolates, safety testing of vaccines and in testing pathogen-free and other breeder flocks for freedom of virus infection. However, such assays are not particularly helpful in the diagnosis of virus-induced neoplastic disease of poultry, as avian oncogenic viruses are widespread and infection in the absence of tumor formation is common. Current technology based on molecular and antigenic characteristics of the virus is being used to develop more sensitive and specific procedures for isolation and identification of ALV. This review is primarily focused on the discussion of current technology most commonly used in isolation and identification of ALV associated with clinical disease in chickens.

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An avian leucosis group-specific complement fixation reaction. Application for the detection and assay of non-cytopathogenic leucosis viruses

Cited by 199 publications

References 7 publications

Endogenous RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Activity in Uninfected Chicken Embryos

Endogenous RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Activity in Uninfected Chicken Embryos

Group-Specific Antigen Expression During Embryogenesis of the Genome of the C-Type RNA Tumor Virus: Implications for Ontogenesis and Oncogenesis

Isolation and identification of avian leukosis viruses: A review

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