An Early Historic Assemblage Offshore of Godawaya, Sri Lanka: Evidence for Early Regional Seafaring in South Asia

Muthucumarana, Rasika; Gaur, A.S.; Chandraratne, W. M.; Manders, Martijn; Rao, B. Ramalingeswara; Bhushan, Ravi; Khedekar, V. D.; Dayananda, A. M. A.

doi:10.1007/s11457-014-9125-9

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[35] A fragment of glass from the Eastern Mediterranean dating to the 1 st century BCE along with a few late Roman coins dating to the 5 th century CE was found from the most extensive archaeological site of Sri Lanka which is the initial site of Anuradhapura, that dated from 800 BCE to 1 100 CE. [42,18,19] Also from an excavation in Tissamaharama found foreign material such as Roman amphorae and Islamic glazed wares. [11,12,42,61,62] And some evidence found from the Mantai excavation also.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman Maritime Trade Relations (According to Literary Sources & Archaeological Evidence)

Munasinghe¹

2021

IJA

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Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 th century BC and we had famous naval ports used for maritime trade specially for maritime 'Silk Road' used by people who was in Greco-Roman, China, India, Persia for their foreign trade. Therefore Sri Lanka was able to make new economic relationships. In this study, we mainly focused on Sri Lankan maritime trade relationship with Greco-Roman. Our research problem is, what was the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman ?. Our objective is to identify the importance of Sri Lanka along with the Greco-Roman trade. This study was conducted under the qualitative research method using a library survey. From these three sources Literary sources, especially foreign texts have many records about Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade. Some of those authors were Cosmos, Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo. Some archaeological evidence found from ports like Mantai, Godawaya and Kingdoms like Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa. The main archaeological evidence is Roman and Indo-Roman coins for the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman. Certain Indian factors were also important in conducting this research because Sri Lankan trade had a close relationship with Indian trade also. From this research we understood that there was an internal transport system in Sri Lanka, Roman trade was spread many places in Sri Lanka, in some times India and Persia acted as intermediaries between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade and the main point we identified was, Sri Lanka was a core in the ancient trade system and by the fifth century AD, Sri Lanka was one of the main trade centres in the Indian Ocean.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[42,18,19] Also from an excavation in Tissamaharama found foreign material such as Roman amphorae and Islamic glazed wares. [11,12,42,61,62] And some evidence found from the Mantai excavation also. [5,60,63] Goods that exported from Sri Lanka to Rome, gained Gold coins for Sri Lanka.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman Maritime Trade Relations (According to Literary Sources & Archaeological Evidence)

Munasinghe¹

2021

IJA

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“… Gaur, Sundaresh, and Tripati 2006, 125.  Gaur et al 2011Muthucumarana et al 2014;Bopearachchi, Disanayaka, and Perera 2016.  Bopearachchi, Disanayaka, and Perera 2016, 416.…”

Section: Vi Underwater Archaeology: Ports and Shipwreck Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…191 Even though these catalogs were published a long time ago, and many attributions have been questioned and revised, they are still foundational works. 192 More recent  Muthucumarana et al 2014, 54.  Allan 1936S.…”

Section: Vii Numismaticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

10.A Indic Sources

Dwivedi

2019

Handbook of Ancient Afro-Eurasian Economies

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Agriculture and animal husbandry, along with trade, constitute economics. It is of benefit because it provides grain, livestock, money, forest produce, and labor. By means of that, he [the king] brings under his power his own circle and his enemy's circle using the treasury and the army. 1 When a king gathers levies, taxes, duties, gifts, and fines without providing for protection, he will immediately go to hell. 2 When a man has become educated, he enters the householder stage of life and begins the lifestyle of a man-about-town [nāgaraka], using the money that he has inherited, on the one hand, or obtained from gifts, conquest, trade, or wages, on the other, or from both. 3 These three quotations come from three different traditions of śāstras: artha (economic pursuit), dharma (religious pursuit), and kāma (pursuit of desire) respectively. 4 Śāstra is "a verbal codification of rules, whether of divine or human provenance, for the positive and negative regulation of some given human practices." 5 The Sanskrit śāstras are of two types, pauruṣ eya (of human origin or compilation) and apauruṣ eya (of transcendental or divine origin). 6 The dharmaśāstras and the arthaśāstras, along with various other treatises, belong to the pauruṣeya (human origin). 7 Together, the dharmaśāstras also appear as the pervasive regulator of

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“…Godawaya was a strategic seaport with connections to inland sites along a riverine exchange . Sri Lankan researchers, in cooperation with foreign experts, have explored the waters off Godawaya several times for archaeological artifacts (Carlson and Trethewey 2013;Gaur et al 2011;Muthucumarana et al 2014), and they have excavated the remains of religious monuments and harbor structures. The complex wreck site is located about four kilometers southeast of the main monastery in Godawaya.…”

Section: Subregional Networking For Long-distance Maritime Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

The Maritime Silk Road

2022

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List of Figures1.1 Ortelius's historical map of the Indian Ocean, with sea snakes off the coast of India 1.2 The production of historical space 1.3 Viewshed of selected features near Berenike, Egypt 1.4 Sea-to-land visibility in the Red Sea 1.5 Ras Fartak/Cape Syagros, viewed from the west 1.6 Ras Filuk/Cape Elephant, viewed from the west 1.7 Map of the Aksumite kingdom; Red Sea coast to the left 1.8 South India with the temple at Muziris 2.1 Sea routes connecting the Islamic Middle East and China described by Ibn Khurradādhbih and Jia Dan 2.2 A prototype of Balkhī School world maps (10th century) 2.3 The five great seas described by Zhou Qufei, Lingwai daida ([1178] 1999) 2.4 Map in Zhi Pan, Fozu tongji (1265-1270, 255) 2.5 The Eastern Ocean/junk zone and the Western Ocean/dhow zone 4.1 Scale models ships 4.2 Map of excavated ships in the Southeast Asian waters

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An Early Historic Assemblage Offshore of Godawaya, Sri Lanka: Evidence for Early Regional Seafaring in South Asia

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman Maritime Trade Relations (According to Literary Sources & Archaeological Evidence)

Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman Maritime Trade Relations (According to Literary Sources & Archaeological Evidence)

10.A Indic Sources

The Maritime Silk Road

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