An easy way to determine simultaneously the electron density and temperature in high-pressure plasmas by using Stark broadening

Torres, Jimena; Jonkers, J Jeroen; Sande, van de Mj Marco; Mullen, van der Jjam Joost; Gamero, A; Sola, A

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/101

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…96 With regard to the articles cited, they can be divided into broad categories dealing with population distributions and deviations from equilibrium, [97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] classification of diagnostic methods, 111,112 local and space-integrated intensity definitions, 113,114 ion-toneutral ratios and their diagnostic relevance, [115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] line-to-continuum ratios, [126][127][128][129][130][131] scattering methods, [132][133][134][135] evaluation of electron number density and plasma temperature, including Stark broadening of H-lines, Stark broadening of non-hydrogenic transitions, influence of the instrumental profile, [199][200][201][202][203][204] calibration of...…”

Section: Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Theoretical Equilibrium Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The format of the table is similar to that given and discussed by Wiese. 35 De Regt et al 111 and Torres et al 112 have classified the methods as direct or indirect, and as active or passive. Methods are considered ''direct'' when they allow the value of the parameter of interest (T, n e ) to be obtained without making any assumption about the type and degree of equilibrium existing in the plasma.…”

Section: Expression Description Equation Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The overall profile is usually described by the Voigt function. 43,96,112,171 In the LIBS literature, Stark broadening is considered dominant and two different approaches can be found for the instrumental function. In the first approach (see, for example, Refs.…”

Section: 112mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

2010

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has become a very popular analytical method in the last decade in view of some of its unique features such as applicability to any type of sample, practically no sample preparation, remote sensing capability, and speed of analysis. The technique has a remarkably wide applicability in many fields, and the number of applications is still growing. From an analytical point of view, the quantitative aspects of LIBS may be considered its Achilles' heel, first due to the complex nature of the laser–sample interaction processes, which depend upon both the laser characteristics and the sample material properties, and second due to the plasma–particle interaction processes, which are space and time dependent. Together, these may cause undesirable matrix effects. Ways of alleviating these problems rely upon the description of the plasma excitation-ionization processes through the use of classical equilibrium relations and therefore on the assumption that the laser-induced plasma is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Even in this case, the transient nature of the plasma and its spatial inhomogeneity need to be considered and overcome in order to justify the theoretical assumptions made. This first article focuses on the basic diagnostics aspects and presents a review of the past and recent LIBS literature pertinent to this topic. Previous research on non-laser-based plasma literature, and the resulting knowledge, is also emphasized. The aim is, on one hand, to make the readers aware of such knowledge and on the other hand to trigger the interest of the LIBS community, as well as the larger analytical plasma community, in attempting some diagnostic approaches that have not yet been fully exploited in LIBS.

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Section: Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Theoretical Equilibrium Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Description Equation Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

2010

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“…[3][4][5][6] We use the microfield model method, a computational simulation theory due to Gigosos et al 7 applied to the three first Balmer series lines ͑H ␣ , H ␤ , and H ␥ ͒ in a nonequilibrium ͑two-temperature͒ plasma. The broadening of different spectral lines depends differently on n e and T e .…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple diagnostics in a high-pressure hydrogen microwave plasma torch

Torres¹,

Mullen²,

Gamero³

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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We present an experimental study of a hydrogen plasma produced by a microwave axial injection torch, launching the plasma in a helium-filled chamber. Three different diagnostic methods have been used to obtain the electron density and temperature as follows: The Stark intersection method of Balmer spectral lines (already tested in argon and helium plasmas); the modified Boltzmann-plot showing that the plasma is far from the local thermodynamic equilibrium but ruled by the excitation-saturation balance; and a study by the disturbed bilateral relations theory. All of these diagnostic techniques show a good agreement.

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“…50 The electron density in the LIB plasma was determined by measuring the Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ spectral line. 51 The simple relation between the electron density N e in cm −3 and the Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ spectral line, for electron temperature in the range of 1 -4 eV ͑1 eV/ k B = 1.160 450 5͑20͒ ϫ 10 4 K͒ and electron density between 10 14 and 10 18 cm −3 , is N e = 1.09 ϫ 10 16 ͓⌬ 1/2 S ͑H ␤ ͔͒ 1.458 , ͑6͒…”

Section: ͑4͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of trisilane using infrared CO2 laser pulses

Camacho

Poyato

Díaz

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

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Synthesis and photoluminescence of fluorinated graphene quantum dots Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 013111 (2013) The luminescence characteristics of CsI(Na) crystal under α and X/γ excitation J. Appl. Phys. 113, 023101 (2013) Structural and optoelectronic properties of Eu2+-doped nanoscale barium titanates of pseudo-cubic form J. Appl. Phys. 112, 124321 (2012) Quantum yield of luminescence of Ag nanoclusters dispersed within transparent bulk glass vs. glass composition and temperature Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 251106 (2012) Additional information on J. Appl. Phys. The plasma produced in trisilane ͑Si 3 H 8 ͒ at room temperature and pressures ranging from 50 to 10 3 Pa by laser-induced breakdown ͑LIB͒ has been investigated. The ultraviolet-visible-near infrared emission generated by high-power IR CO 2 laser pulses in Si 3 H 8 has been studied by means of optical emission spectroscopy. Optical breakdown threshold intensities in trisilane at 10.591 m for laser pulse lengths of 100 ns have been measured as a function of gas pressure. The strong emission observed in the plasma region is mainly due to electronic relaxation of excited atomic H and Si and ionic fragments Si + , Si 2+ , and Si 3+ . An excitation temperature T exc = 5600± 300 K was calculated by means of H atomic lines assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. The physical processes leading to LIB of trisilane in the power density range 0.28 GW cm −2 Ͻ J Ͻ 3.99 GW cm −2 have been analyzed. From our experimental observations we can propose that, although the first electrons must appear via multiphoton ionization, electron cascade is the main mechanism responsible for the breakdown in trisilane.

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An easy way to determine simultaneously the electron density and temperature in high-pressure plasmas by using Stark broadening

Cited by 75 publications

References 16 publications

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of Basic Diagnostics and Plasma—Particle Interactions: Still-Challenging Issues within the Analytical Plasma Community

Multiple diagnostics in a high-pressure hydrogen microwave plasma torch

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of trisilane using infrared CO2 laser pulses

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